Context
What does USSR stand for?
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1922–1991
In what year was the Hungarian Uprising?
1956
What is the nickname given to the 1968 reform movement in Czechoslovakia?
The Prague Spring
In what year was the Berlin Wall built?
1961
How many marks are source questions usually worth?
7/8/9
What is a "satellite state"?
A country officially independent but actually controlled/dominated by a more powerful country (the USSR)
Who became Hungary's Prime Minister during the uprising and introduced reforms?
Imre Nagy
Who led the Czechoslovak reforms in 1968?
Alexander Dubček
What was the Berlin Wall built to stop?
East Germans fleeing to West Berlin/West Germany
How many paragraphs do we aim to write in source answers?
3
Answer
Answer
PAVOK
When did the USSR exist?
1922–1991
Name one reform Nagy proposed that threatened Soviet control.
Leaving the Warsaw Pact (also: multi-party elections, ending one-party communist rule)
What did Dubček call his reform programme? Socialism with a....
"Socialism with a human face"
Why was West Berlin such a problem for the USSR and East Germany?
It was a capitalist "island" inside communist East Germany, and people could escape west through it — an embarrassing "brain drain" of skilled workers
In the "What is the message?" question, what do the letters P, AV, OK stand for?
Purpose, Author's View (supportive/critical), Own Knowledge
Aside from the ones on screen, name two countries that were part of the Eastern Bloc under Soviet control
Romania, Bulgaria, Albania
Why did the Western Powers not intervene in Hungary in 1956?
They were distracted by the Suez Crisis; direct intervention risked war with the USSR/nuclear conflict
What is the Brezhnev Doctrine?
The Soviet policy that the USSR had the right to intervene in any Warsaw Pact country if communism there was under threat
What does GDR stand for and what was it?
German Democratic Republic — the official (communist) name for East Germany
What's the difference in focus between a "What is the message?" question and a "Why was this published?" question?
"Message" asks what the source is saying/showing; "Why published" asks the purpose/reason behind releasing it at that specific time
Name the four Soviet leaders (Premiers) covered in this topic, in order.
Stalin → Khrushchev → Brezhnev → Gorbachev
Give one piece of evidence that Soviet control was fragile, and one that shows it was strong, from Hungary 1956.
ragile: an uprising happened at all / thousands resisted the Red Army. Strong: Red Army crushed it quickly, Nagy was executed, Hungary stayed in the Warsaw Pact
ive one similarity and one difference between the Hungarian Uprising (1956) and the Prague Spring (1968).
Similarity e.g. both involved reforming leaders threatening USSR control and both were crushed by Soviet/Warsaw Pact tanks.
Difference e.g. Hungary saw more violent armed resistance; Czechoslovakia saw more passive resistance and the invasion was justified using the new Brezhnev Doctrine
Was the Berlin Wall a sign of Soviet strength or weakness? Give one argument for each side.
Strength: stopped the flow of refugees, showed the USSR could seal a border and control East Germany.
Weakness: having to physically wall people in shows the regime was failing to keep people there by choice/consent
Why is it important to reference "own knowledge" in a source question?
It shows you can link the source to what you actually know about the event, proving understanding beyond just describing the source