Medical
What does AVPU stand for and what do we use it to assess
Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive; level of consciousness
What is the first method we try for controlling most external bleeding
Direct pressure
What is the difference between an artery and a vein
Artery = carries blood away from heart, veins = carries blood back to the heart
What does the prefix “hypo-” mean
Low, deficient
How old does UTEFR turn this year
20!
This term describes an abnormally rapid heart rate
Tachycardia
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain
Sprain = ligament injury, strain = muscle/tendon injury
How many body cavities are there and what are their names
Five → Cranial, Spinal, Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic
What does cyanosis refer to?
Bluish discoloration of the skin
What does “10-4” mean
Copy, understood
What are the three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale
Eye response (4), verbal response (5), and motor response (6)
What is the rule of thirds
For splinting long bones
Upper or lower 1/3 = joint injury
Middle 1/3 = mid-shaft injury
What are the 5 regions of the spine and how many segments are in each
Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (4)
Explain the terms medial/lateral and proximal/distal
Medial = Towards midline
Lateral = Away from midline
Proximal = Closer to torso (limbs)
Distal = Away from torso (limbs)
Name the three stages of shock
Compensated, decompensated, irreversible
This neurological condition is characterized by a temporary loss of consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, followed by a period of confusion
Generalized tonic-clonic (Grand Mal) seizure
Diagnose this patient: blunt chest trauma following an MVC: HR 132, BP 78/48, RR 34, absent breath sounds on the left, tracheal deviation to the right
Left-sided pneumothorax
What cranial nerves are involved in the pupillary light reflex (name and number)
Optic nerve (CN II, detects light), Oculomotor nerve (CN III, causes constriction via parasympathetic pathway)
What is the difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia?
Hypoxia = inadequate oxygen at the issue level, hypoxemia = low oxygen in arterial blood
What are the certifications of the UTEFR training team
Arlo (EMR), Lili (EMR), Bianca (Paramedic - Romania), Badee (EMR)
This triad is a late sign of critically increased intracranial pressure. Name the triad and its three associated findings
Cushing’s Triad: (1) widened pulse pressure, (2) bradycardia, (3) irregular respirations
A 60-year-old adult has partial thickness burns involving: entire anterior trunk, entire right arm, entire left arm, and the anterior surface of both legs. Using the Rule of Nines, what is the estimated TBSA burned?
54%
(18% anterior trunk, 18% both arms + 18% both anterior legs)
Trace the path of blood from the right atrium to the left atrium
Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium
What term defines this: abnormal, involuntary muscle contractions that produce twisting movements or abnormal postures
Dystonia
What drug is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
Adenosine