Kant
a will whose decisions are wholly determined by moral demands
What is the Good Will?
A method to calculate the goodness or badness of our actions
What is the hedonic calculus?
Pleasure of the mind and pleasures of the body
What are higher and lower pleasures?
unfair bias in favour of one person or thing; favouritism.
What is partiality?
theory of ethics that states that a person's act is morally right if and only if it produces the best possible results
What is Act Utilitarianism?
the central philosophical concept in the deontological moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant.
What is the categorical imperative?
The amount of people the action affects
What is the 'extent' in the hedonic calculus?
Book by J.S. Mill
What is On Liberty?
Author of the experience machine
Who is Robert Nozick?
theory of value which states that all and only pleasure is intrinsically valuable and all and only pain is intrinsically not valuable
What is hedonism?
a command that also applies to us in virtue of our having a rational will, but not simply in virtue of this.
What are hypothetical imperatives?
Book by Bentham
What is An introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation?
An explanation of why utilitarianism is the best theory for society
What is Mill's proof of the greatest happiness principle?
Author of the Jim and the Indians problem
Who is Bernard Williams?
Greek word for Purpose
What is telos?
The city in which Kant lived.
What is Königsberg?
Bentham's notion of pleasure
What are all pleasures are equal?
The division by Mill of how Rule utilitarianism should be interpreted for a whole society
What are primary and secondary principles?
A theory that gives every agent the exact same set of substantive aims
What is an agent neutral theory?
action that is influenced by a force outside the individual, in other words the state or condition of being ruled, governed, or under the sway of another
What is heteronomy?
A book by Kant in which he discuses ethics
What is the Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals?
the goodness of a situation is relative to the circumstances
What is relativism?
The author of the transplant surgeon objection
What is Judith Jarvis Thompson?
Moving from a factual claim to a moral claim
What is the is/ought problem?
you are honest and firm in your moral principles.
What is moral integrity?