General Chemistry
What is the pH of a neutral solution at room temperature
7
These are compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
what These are the four major classes of biological macromolecules
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
The first law of thermodynamic states that
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another
This famous experiment showed that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.
Rutherford gold foil experiment
What unit is used to express the amount of a substance
Mole
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity are called ?
constitutional (structural) isomers
This level of protein structure describes local folding patterns such as α-helices and β-sheets
Secondary strucutres
This type of process occurs with no heat exchange between the system and surroundings.
adiabatic process
This scientist proposed the first modern atomic theory in the early 1800s
John Dalton
What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons?
covalent bond
This term describes a species that donates an electron pair to form a bond
nucleophile
This metabolic pathway converts glucose into pyruvate.
glycolysis
his theory explains reaction rates based on molecular collisions and proper orientation
collision theory?
This scientist created the first widely accepted periodic table and predicted undiscovered elements.
Dmitri Mendeleev
if a reaction releases heat, it is considered to be
This type of reaction occurs with an inversion of stereochemistry
Sn2
This molecule is the primary energy currency of the cell
ATP
This principle states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot both be known exactly
Heisenberg uncertainty principle?
This atomic model described electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed energy levels.
Bohr model
What term describes a solution that resist change in pH
Buffer
This reaction converts an alcohol into an alkene through acid-catalyzed loss of water.
dehydration
This equation describes the relationship between substrate concentration and reaction velocity
Michaelis–Menten equation
This approximation allows for the mass and momentum of nuclei (nucleus ) to be negligible
born-Oppenheimer approximation
This process, developed in the early 1900s, allowed large-scale synthesis of ammonia.
Haber–Bosch process