Dehydration vs Hypovolemia
This compartment is deficient in dehydration.
What is the interstitial space?
Maintenance fluid requirement for small animals is this range (ml/kg/day).
What is 40–60 ml/kg/day?
This is the maximum safe rate of sodium correction.
What is 0.5 mEq/L/hr?
This is the maximum safe potassium administration rate (Kmax).
What is 0.5 mEq/kg/hr?
Patient presents with acute oliguric renal failure, acute glaucoma, and increased CSF pressure causing cerebral edema. This drug is most likely indicated.
Answer. What is Mannitol? (This patient will probably be seeing Jesus)
This compartment is deficient in hypovolemia.
What is the intravascular (plasma) space?
A 10 kg dog requires 50 ml/kg/day. This is the maintenance requirement per day.
What is 500 mL/day?
This isotonic crystalloid has the highest sodium concentration.
What is 0.9% NaCl (saline)?
A 10 kg dog’s Kmax equals this amount per hour.
What is 5 mEq/hr?
This diagnostic technique for UTIs will give you both an MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and an MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration).
Answer: What is a broth dilution?
This physical exam finding is associated with dehydration but NOT necessarily hypovolemia.
What is prolonged skin tent?
A 25 kg dog is 5% dehydrated. This is the fluid deficit in gallons.
What is 0.33 gallons?
Hypertonic saline (7.2–7.5%) is typically given at this dose (ml/kg).
What is 3–5 ml/kg?
You need 20 mEq/L in a 1 L bag of LRS (which already has 4 mEq/L).
KCl concentration = 2 mEq/mL.
This is the volume of KCl to add.
20 mEq/L - 4 mEq/L = 16 mEq/L
16 mEq/L ÷ 2 mEq/mL = 8 mL
Answer: What is 8 mL?
(Need 16 mEq → 16 ÷ 2)
Your patient has a low GFR. These are the mechanisms to bring GFR back up.
Answer: Aferent Arteriole VasoDILATION (Nitric oxide) & Efferent Arteriole vasoCONSTRICTION (Angiotensin II)
Cold extremities, weak pulses, prolonged CRT, and pale mucous membranes indicate this condition.
What is hypovolemia (shock)?
A 30 kg dog is 10% dehydrated. Deficit is replaced over 24 hours.
This is the hourly deficit rate in mL/hr.
Answer: What is 125 mL/hr?
(30 × 0.10 = 3 L = 3000 mL ÷ 24 = 125 mL/hr)
This is the mechanism by which hypertonic saline rapidly expands intravascular volume.
What is osmotic movement of interstitial fluid into the vascular space?
A fluid bag contains 20 mEq/L.
Patient rate = 100 ml/hr.
This is how many mEq/hr the patient receives.
20 mEq / 1000 ml = 0.02 mEq/ml
0.02 × 100 = 2
Answer: What is 2 mEq/hr?
UA shows a USG of 1.020 withe following: Dehydration, decreased Na/K ratio (<15:1). This condition is probably the cause.
Answer: What is hypoadrenocorticism (Addisons)?
Na+/Cl- necessary for medullary concentration gradient.
A 20 kg dog is 8% dehydrated.Indicate the fluid deficit in mLs.
What is 1600 mLs?
A 20 kg dog:
Maintenance = 50 ml/kg/day
5% dehydrated
Ongoing losses = 20 ml/hr
Deficit replaced over 24 hours.
This is the total M + D + O rate (ml/hr).
Maintenance: 20 × 50 = 1000 ml/day ÷ 24 = 42 ml/hr
Deficit: 20 × 0.05 = 1 L = 1000 ml ÷ 24 = 42 ml/hr
Total so far = 84 ml/hr
20 ml/hr ongoing
Answer: What is 103-104 mL/hr? (depends on rounding)
A hypernatremic patient should receive IV fluids that have this sodium concentration relative to their serum sodium.
What is a similar sodium concentration?
A 20 kg dog receives a 300 ml bolus from a bag containing 20 mEq/L potassium over 5 minutes.
This is the major rule you are violating.
What is NEVER bolus fluids containing potassium?
This is the normal canine kidney size in comparison to a certain lumbar vertebra.