V-fib (Clinical)
V-fib stands for [?]
ventricular fibrillation
V-fib occurs when there is uncoordinated [?] of the ventricles
contractions
[?] is the condition in which plaques are deposited on the endothelium
atherosclerosis
STEMI stands for [?]
ST elevation myocardial infarction
When a patient presents with new chest pain due to presumed cardiac ischemia, the working differential is usually [?]
acute coronary syndrome
The ventricular contractions in V-fib result in [increased/decreased?] cardiac output
decreased
Scar tissue in the ventricle as a result of [?] may cause re-entry via changes to the conduction pathway
ischemia/myocardial infarction
The development of coronary artery disease occurs over the length of [?]
decades
ACS are categorized into STEMI and NON-STEMI based on the presence of [?] in the EKG
ST elevations
The absence of elevated troponin levels is associated with this ACS
unstable angina
A-fib is considered [more/less?] severe than V-fib because the blood is still able to pump, though less effectively, in [A-fib/V-fib?]
less, A-fib
V-fib occurs when the electrical conduction is disrupted by re-entry, leading to [?] at multiple foci
simultaneous contractions
Angiograms are not effective screening in identifying STEMI-causing plaques because the [?] tends to expand to compensate
lumen
ST elevation occurs because of potassium channel activation in the ischemic regions, which causes a [?] between the ischemic and non-ischemic regions
electrical gradient
Abrupt rupture of a plaque that occludes vessels can cause any of the following 3 types of ACS: [?], [?], and [?]
STEMI, NON-STEMI, unstable angina
V-fib requires treatment within [?], as it causes [?]
minutes, cardiac arrest
Re-entry in the context of electrical conduction in the heart is [?]
re-activation of myocardium within the same conduction cycle
ACS is diagnosed using the following clinical findings: [?], [?], and [?]
(not specific results, just asking for the test and/or relevant portion of the patient-physician interaction)
clinical observations, ECG, troponin test
In a transmural infarction, following recovery, there persists a pathological change in the [?] of the EKG
Q wave
A non-STEMI is typically associated with a [?] infarction
subendocardial
Early symptoms of V-fib may include [?], [?], [?], [?], and/or [?]
chest pain, palpitation, fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness
On an EKG, V-fib usually appears with indiscernible [?] and absent [?]
QRS complexes, P waves
Gradual coronary occlusion leads to the formation of collateral vessels, and develops into [?]
angina pectoris
The Wellens' Sign, which should be treated with the severity of a STEMI, presents as an [?] or [?] in the EKG
inversion of the T-wave, bi-phasic T-wave
A STEMI is typically associated with a [?] infarction
transmural