6 yo and younger
This inactivated vaccine, given in 5 doses, protects against lockjaw, whooping cough, and diphtheria
What is the DTaP vaccine?
2, 4, 6mo followed by booster doses 15-18mo and 4-6yr
Pediarix: DTaP, HepB, IPV
Pentacel: DTaP, Hib, IPV
100% for tetanus and 97% for diphtheria
For pertussis:
At age 11–12, children receive a booster with this vaccine to maintain protection against three specific diseases
What is the TDap?
Every 10 years
For pertussis, Tdap fully protects:
This online resource is where you can find travel vaccine recommendations for infant and children.
The first dose of this vaccine cannot be given on or older than 15w0d and the maximum age for the final dose is 8mo0d
What is the rotavirus vaccine?
This live-attenuated vaccine is contraindicated if an infant has a history of SCID, on immunosuppressants, or telescoped bowels.
What is the rotavirus vaccine?
Oral
2 or 3 dose series; 2mo, 4mo, 6mo
During an infant's first year, rotavirus vaccine provides:
- 85% to 98% protection against severe rotavirus illness and hospitalization.
- 74% to 87% protection against rotavirus illness of any severity
First recommended at age 11–12, but can be given as young as 9 yo, this vaccine series protects against certain cancers caused by a sexually transmitted virus.
What is the HPV vaccine?
as young as 9, first dose given before 15yo --> 2 dose series
first dose given 15 yo or older --> 3 dose series
prevent more than 90% of cancers caused by HPV
Unless there is a history of anaphylaxis to a previous dose, this inactivated vaccine should still be given to those with egg allergies.
What is the influenza vaccine?
This vaccine is recommended for children over 2 years old traveling to areas where exposure to contaminated food or water is likely.
What is typhoid?
These types of vaccines may be administered simultaneously (during the same visit); otherwise, administration of individual live vaccines should be separated by at least 4 weeks in order to prevent diminished immunogenicity and a less than optimal immune response
What are live vaccines?
Influenza, MMR, Varicella
This recombinant vaccine can prevent up to 95% of perinatal infections if given within the first 12 hours of life
What is the hepatitis B vaccine?
1st dose - birth (reduces transmission by 75%)
2nd dose - 4 weeks after
3rd dose - 8 weeks after and 16 weeks after 1st dose, minimum age 24 weeks
At CPM - birth, 2mo, 4mo, 6mo
Efficacy of >95% if receive all three doses
First given at 11–12 years old, this vaccine protects against meningitis and bloodstream infections
What is MenACWY?
Menveo
1st dose: 11-12 yo
2nd dose: 16 yo
Patients with this disease require additional doses of PCV, Hib, MenACWY and MenB.
What is sickle cell disease?
Other considerations: cerebrospinal fluid leak; chronic heart disease; chronic kidney disease (excluding maintenance dialysis and nephrotic syndrome); chronic liver disease; chronic lung disease (including moderate persistent or severe persistent asthma); cochlear implant; or diabetes mellitus
What is the MMR vaccine?
You have to wait this many months between dose 1 and 2 of the hepatitis A vaccine
What is 6 months?
After dose 1: 97%–100% with protective antibody 1 month later
After dose 2: 100% with protective antibody 1 month later
These two vaccines are delayed until 12 months of age because earlier doses are blocked by maternal antibodies.
What are the MMR and Varicella vaccines?
Proquad = MMRV
Age 1 yo and 4 yo
1 dose: measles ~93%; mumps ~78%; rubella ~97
2 doses: measles ~97%; mumps ~88%
This vaccine is recommended to be first given at 16 given its short-lived protection.
What is the MenB vaccine?
Bexsero: 2 dose series, 1 mo apart
Trumenba: 2 dose series, 6 mo apart
>90% of people will achieve appropriate titers
If history of sexual assault, it is recommended to start this vaccine series at age 9.
What is the HPV vaccine?
Other considerations: immunocompromised, including HIV, 3-dose series even if start before 14 yo
For travel to developing regions, this vaccine protects against a disease spread by exposure to animal saliva.
Four or five dose series +/- IVIG
This typically annual vaccine requires two doses given 4 weeks apart if younger than 8 years old.
What is the influenza vaccine?
Age 6mo to 8 years: 2 doses required
Age 9 or older: 1 dose
2024-2025: VE was 32%, 59%, and 60% in outpatient settings (three networks) and 63% and 78% against influenza-associated hospitalization (two networks)
Previously a live-attenuated vaccine in the 1930s, this vaccine has helped to eradicate a neurotropic enterovirus in all but 2 countries
What is IPV?
2, 4, 6mo
Pediarix: DTaP, HepB, IPV
Pentacel: DTaP, Hib, IPV
2 doses: ≥90% protection against paralytic polio
3 doses: ≥99%–100%
This group of young people is strongly encouraged to receive the MenB vaccine because of higher outbreak risk.
What are college-age students living in dorms or military recruits?
Bexsero and Trumenba
Babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers should receive HBV and what other immunoprophylaxis within 12 hours of life?
What is the HBIG?
The birth dose of HepB vaccine should not be counted toward completion of the HepB vaccine series, and 3 additional doses of HepB vaccine should be administered at 1, 2–3, and 6 months of age.
Proof of vaccination against this mosquito-borne disease may be required to enter some countries in Africa or South America.
You have to wait this many months between dose 1 and 2 of the varicella vaccine if younger than 13 yo.
What is 3 months?
1 dose: ~82% against any varicella; ~≈100% against severe.
2 doses: ~98% (pre-licensure) against any; ~92%–98% (post-licensure range)