How Vaccines Work
What do vaccines do before a real infection happens?
They prepare the immune system.
Which biology topic explains how vaccines trigger antibodies and memory cells?
Immunity(Homeostasis).
What do scientists study at the molecular level to design vaccines?
Viral proteins that trigger immune responses.
Which vaccine type contains killed pathogens?
Inactivated vaccines.
What is one way vaccines protect public health besides preventing illness?
They reduce disease spread.
What does a vaccine introduce into the body to start an immune response?
A harmless version or piece of a pathogen.
How do vaccines help maintain homeostasis?
By helping the body maintain internal stability through disease prevention.
What does mRNA vaccine technology tell cells to produce?
A viral protein.
Which vaccine type uses weakened live pathogens?
Live-attenuated vaccines.
How many lives have childhood vaccines saved globally since 1974?
About 154 million.
Which immune cells produce antibodies after vaccination?
B cells.
Which biochemistry concept is involved in vaccine responses?
Proteins such as antigens and antibodies.
Why is mRNA vaccine technology considered safer than exposure to the real virus?
It does not include the full virus.
Why do inactivated vaccines often require boosters?
They need repeated doses for sustained protection.
Why is equal access to vaccines an ethical concern?
Not everyone can easily get vaccines.
What type of immune cells stay in the body long term after vaccination?
Memory cells.
How are genetics involved in modern vaccines like mRNA vaccines?
Genetic instructions tell cells to make a viral protein.
Why can modern vaccine technology improve effectiveness and reduce side effects?
It targets specific parts of a pathogen.
What do viral vector vaccines use to deliver genetic instructions?
A harmless modified virus.
What is one reason governments require vaccines in certain settings?
To protect public health and vulnerable populations.
Why do vaccines reduce disease severity even if infection still occurs?
Memory cells allow a faster and stronger immune response.
Explain how vaccines connect immunity, biochemistry, genetics, and homeostasis.
Vaccines use genetic instructions to produce proteins that trigger immune memory, helping prevent disease and maintain balance.
Give one benefit and one implication of vaccine technology mentioned in the presentation.
Benefit: faster and more accurate development. Implication: ethical concerns like safety and public trust.
Why do live-attenuated vaccines often provide strong and long-lasting immunity?
They closely mimic natural infection in the body.
How does misinformation affect vaccine trust and health outcomes?
It reduces trust and increases vaccine hesitancy.