Show:
A National Challenge
The Acquisition of English
Methods in Second Language Teaching
Materials in Second Language Teaching
ELL Students in Schools
100
In 1995, which language was spoken by more than 77% of the US's ELL's?
Spanish
100
What is "interlanguage?"
The term for a dynamic linguistic system that has been developed by a learner of a second language (or L2) who has not become fully proficient yet but is approximating the target language: preserving some features of their first language (or L1), or overgeneralizing target language rules in speaking or writing the target language and creating innovations.
100
Explain 3 facts about the grammar translation method.
. Initially used in the teaching of Latin. 2. Still used today, it organizes instruction around a syllabus that includes rules and facts of language, use of unrelated sentences for translation practice, translation of literacy texts, the study of vocabulary needed for text translation, and deductively taught grammar. 3. The students' L1 is the medium of instruction, and students are expected to study and learn rules. 4. The teacher is expected to present rules and correct errors.
100
What type of material typically has the most direct immediate influence on their teaching?
Textbooks
100
What is the role of schools for ELL students?
What is the role of schools for ELL students? ELLs' success in U.S. highly depend on how quickly and how well ELL students acquire English. Therefore, schooling plays important role for them. Most ELL students only have access to English during the school day.
200
In 1996, which 5 states had the highest numbers of enrolled ELL's in both public and private schools?
California, Texas, New York, Florida, and Illinois
200
What is your groups' opinion on explicit grammar teaching?
Answers may vary
200
What theory of language learning best applies to the audio lingual method?
Behaviorist theory (stimulus, response, and reinforcement are important)
200
What are 5 things we may see in foreign language textbooks?
large, colorful pictures selected readings grammar explanations writing exercises vocabulary lists
200
According to Fillmore (1982), what are the two fundamental skills in English that immigrant students must develop in order to participate in the life and work of schools?
(1) They must be able to comprehend the spoken language of their teachers as they explain and present instruction. (2) They must comprehend the language of textbooks from which they are expected to learn.
300
Which two famous court cases prohibit discrimination against students on the basis of language?
Lau vs. Nichols Castaneda vs. Pickard
300
Swain (1985) says comprehensible output is...
The production of language that is comprehensible to native-speaker interlocutors. It allows learners to test hypothesis about the language system and to move to more grammatically accurate output.
300
What is a type of activity one could see in a classroom that uses the communicative method?
Answers may vary (communicative method: views language as communication and sees the goal of language study as acquiring communicative competence)
300
Which languages are used in foreign language textbooks, and how is this different than ESL textbooks?
Typically, both the L1 and L2 are used in foreign language books. In the US, only English is used in ESL books.
300
What is the most important goal of ESL study in schools today? What is your opinion about this?
Development of academic English
400
Describe an ESOL "lifer." What types of challenges do they face?
An ESOL lifer enters middle school and will not exit out during their public school career. They will have little opportunity to take classes that are of interest to them.
400
Many researchers conclude that older and younger language learners acquire and obtain language in different ways. How does their final acquisition compare?
Researchers have found that older learners more quickly acquire morphology and syntax, but younger learners are more apt to achieve native-like pronunciation.
400
Which 5 aspects of Krashen's work are included in the natural approach?
acquisition, learning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis, the input hypothesis, and the affective filter hypothesis
400
Text materials in ( ) tend to be published as sets of related texts. Instead of a single textbook organized around themes and focusing on all four skills as a whole, they often use a set of related course texts focusing on different objective. (ESL) or (foreign language)?
ESL
400
What are three goals of Second-language learning that ESL Standards for Pre K-12 Students (TESOL, 1997) address?
(1) using English to communicate in social settings (2) using English to achieve academically in all content areas (3) using English in socially and culturally appropriate areas
500
Explain a maintenance bilingual program. What can one expect to see in such a program? Opinions on this model?
Minority language and English used to teach concepts after English is acquired. Population: ELL children Focus on continued development of both English and the minority language; very few such programs beyond grade 3
500
Explain your groups opinions on a biologically critical or sensitive period for language acquisition.
Answers may vary
500
What is "informed eclecticism?"
The belief that teachers can combine the best practices without regard for underlying theories about language learning.
500
What is your group's opinion about ideal material that could benefit ELL students the most? (critique Valdes and compare/contrast with yours)
Answers may vary
500
What kind of language skills that ESL Standards for Pre K-12 (TESOL 1997) requires from ELL students? (describe an ideal ELL student that the standard pictures. Do you think this is practical?
-ability to request and provide information, -paraphrase a teacher's directions - work successfully with partners -to negotiate and reach consensus -to compare and contrast information -to read and get meaning from texts -to gather evidence -to prepare and participate in debates -to edit and revise written assignments