Valves
What are the two major types of valve dysfunction?
What are stenosis and regurgitation?
This type of cardiomyopathy is a "squeeze" problem and usually has a low EF.
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
This is the hallmark auscultatory finding of pericarditis
What is a pericardial friction rub?
This occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac.
What is a pericardial effusion
This medication should be taken in the morning and requires daily weight monitoring.
What is furosemide?
What is aortic stenosis?
This valve disorder produces a systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur that radiates toward the carotids.
This type is associated with thickened LV walls, impaired filling, and young athletes.
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
This position typically relieves pericarditis pain.
What is sitting upright and leaning forward?
Name the three findings in Beck's triad.
What are hypotension, JVD, and muffled heart sounds?
Before administering this medication, the nurse should assess the apical pulse for a full minute.
What is digoxin?
What is ARMS — Aortic Regurgitation and Mitral Stenosis?
This is the memory trick for the two valves that produce diastolic murmurs.
This cardiomyopathy involves fatty/fibrous replacement of cardiac muscle and can cause lethal dysrhythmias.
What is arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy?
Pericarditis produces this characteristic ECG combination.
What are diffuse ST elevation and PR depression?
This ECG finding occurs when QRS height alternates beat-to-beat because the heart is moving within the fluid-filled sac.
What is electrical alternans?
Hypokalemia increases the risk of toxicity from this medication.
What is digoxin?
A client develops sudden pulmonary edema after an MI because of papillary muscle rupture. This valve problem is suspected.
What is acute mitral regurgitation?
A client with HCM becomes dizzy after dehydration. Explain why dehydration is dangerous.
What is decreased preload → smaller LV chamber → worsened outflow obstruction → hypotension/syncope?
A client has sharp chest pain that worsens when lying flat and taking a deep breath. The pain improves when sitting forward. What condition is most likely?
What is acute pericarditis?
A client has BP 84/60, HR 124, JVD, and barely audible heart sounds. What life-threatening condition should the nurse suspect?
What is cardiac tamponade?
A client taking digoxin reports anorexia, nausea, and yellow-green visual halos. What should the nurse suspect?
What is digoxin toxicity?
A client with a mechanical mitral valve asks whether they can switch from warfarin to apixaban.
What is no — DOACs are contraindicated with mechanical valves, and lifelong warfarin is required?
Name four things that should be avoided in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
What are nitrates, other vasodilators, dehydration/aggressive
Two days after an MI, a client develops sharp positional chest pain. The nurse hears a scratchy sound that persists when the client holds their breath. What is happening?
What is post-MI pericarditis with a pericardial friction rub?
A client with pericarditis suddenly develops hypotension, tachycardia, JVD, and muffled heart sounds. What is the priority intervention?
What is recognize tamponade, stay with the client, activate emergency/provider response, support preload as ordered, and prepare for emergency pericardiocentesis?
After pericardiocentesis, the client's BP rises, HR decreases, and heart sounds become clearer. What do these findings indicate?
What is improved cardiac output and successful fluid removal?