Diuretics
What is the therapeutic action of loop diuretics like furosemide?
Blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride, promoting extensive diuresis.
What type of medication is albuterol, and what is its primary use?
A short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) used for acute asthma symptoms.
What is the prototype drug for pure opioid agonists?
Morphine
What common side effect is associated with the use of diuretics like furosemide?
Electrolyte disturbances.
What vital signs should be monitored when administering opioids?
Respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation.
Which diuretic is an aldosterone inhibitor and helps minimize potassium loss?
Spironolactone
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for dextromethorphan to suppress a cough. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following manifestations as an adverse effect of this medication?
1. Diarrhea
2. Anxiety
3. Sedation
4. Palpitations
3. Sedation
What is the therapeutic use of butorphanol, an opioid agonist-antagonist?
Moderate to severe pain, labor pain, and procedural sedation.
Name a side effect of beta-2 agonists like albuterol.
Tachycardia or palpitations. (There are many other )
Why should diuretics be given in the morning?
To prevent nocturia.
What is a major precaution when administering mannitol, an osmotic diuretic?
Avoid use in active intracranial hemorrhage and ensure the solution is free of crystals before administration.
Which respiratory medication decreases inflammation by inhibiting leukotrienes?
Montelukast
Which federal act established the scheduling system for controlled substances?
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.
: What complication is associated with high doses of acetylcysteine (mucolytic)?
Kidney stone formation if consumed in large quantities.
What patient education is essential for the use of montelukast?
Monitor for liver function and report behavioral changes like agitation or insomnia.
Name two complications of thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide.
Hyperglycemia and decreased urinary output.
What is a key nursing intervention for inhaled corticosteroids like fluticasone?
Educate patients to rinse their mouth after use to prevent thrush.
A nurse is preparing to administer butorphanol to a client who has a history of substance use disorder. The nurse should consider which of the following information prior to administration regarding butorphanol?
1.Butorphanol has a greater risk for abuse than morphine
2. Butorphanol causes higher incidence of respiratory depression than morphine
3. Butorphanol cannot be reversed w/ an opioid antagonist
4. Butorphanol can cause abstinence syndrome in opioid-dependent clients
4. Butorphanol can cause abstinence syndrome in opioid-dependent clients
What is the primary side effect of naloxone during opioid overdose reversal?
Pain or withdrawal symptoms (abstinence syndrome).
How should naloxone be administered during an opioid overdose?
Intramuscularly, intravenously, or subcutaneously, with continuous vital sign monitoring.
A nurse is providing information to a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
1. Take the medication with food
2. Plan to take the med at bedtime
3. Expect increased swelling of the ankles
4. Fluid intake should be limited in the morning
1. Take the medication with food
A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking phenylephrine nasal drops for the past 10 days for sinusitis. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following manifestations as an adverse effect of this medication?
1. Sedation
2. Nasal Congestion
3. Productive cough
4. Constipation
2. Nasal Congestion
The nurse should plan to generate solutions to assess the client for potential adverse reactions. When used for over 5 days, rebound nasal congestion can occur when taking nasal sympathomimetic medications (phenylephrine).
A nurse is planning to administer morphine IV to a client who is postoperative. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
1. Monitor for seizures and confusion
2. Protect the clients skin from SE diarrhea
3. Withhold med if resp. rate is <12/min
4. Give morphine intermittent via IV bolus over 30 seconds or less
3.
MU and Kappa
What is an important intervention to prevent constipation when using morphine?
Encourage fluid intake, high-fiber diet, and consider stool softeners.