HTN
what is HTN?
HTN is the sustained elevation of the systolic blood pressure
What are the 2 top things do we want to limit in heart failure patients?
salt and fluid intake
What part of the lungs does Emphysema affect?
Alveoli
what is PVD?
Peripheral vascular disease is a slow and progressive circulation disorder caused by the narrowing/blockage of a blood vessel. PVD may affect any blood vessel outside of the heart including the arteries, veins or lymphatic vessels.
what populations are most at risk when it comes to contracting the flu and why?
young children and older adults. weakened immune system
Typically, when diagnosing HTN, the clients SBP is elevated beyond what numerical value?
sbp >140
define orthopnea and how is it relieved?
orthopnea is the feeling of breathlessness in the lying position. individual will find relief when sitting of standing.
list 3 symptoms associated with emphysema
barrel chest, SOB, club fingers, minimal cough, wheezes in lungs
why are clients who have PVD more at risk for ulcer development?
nerve impulse is diminished so they are unable to identify painful spots where ulcer may be starting. once ulcer has started, it is hard for the body to heal said ulcer as the wound may not be getting enough blood supply.
does the influenza vaccine provide 100% immunity
no, there are different strains of the flu and the vaccine is a guesstimate to what strains will be most prevalent that year.
Typically, when diagnosing HTN, the clients DBP is elevated beyond what numerical value?
DBP >90
What class of medications are given to HF patients to help remove fluid accumulation?
diuretics
is emphysema reversible?
no
list 3 symptoms of arterial PVD
pale/dusky color, poor cap refill, cool to touch, numbness/ tingling
define influenza
influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by the virus, influenza, which attacks the body in the upper and lower respiratory tract.
List 3 severe outcomes during or after a HTN crisis
1) MI
2) stroke
3) death
4) heart failure
5)PVD
heart failure is when the heart cannot produce an adequate cardiac output to meet metabolic function. with this knowledge, define what a pleural effusion is and why an individual might develop a pleural effusion(s) with heart failure.
pleural effusion is fluid accumulation on the lungs
when an individual suffers from heart failure, the heart is no longer able to adequately pump fluid throughout the body allowing for fluid accumulation. this can be in the lungs, extremities, abdomen etc.
why does finger clubbing appear in clients with emphysema?
vasodilation leads to increase blood flow to distal portion of your digits causing the nail to curve
list 3 types of treatment for PVD
weight reduction, stop smoking, vasodilator drugs, reverse tredelenburg position, lipid lowering drugs, diet
your patient has the flu, what is the appropriate PPE to wear
surgical mask (unless preforming aerosolized procedure then n95), gown, gloves and eye protection
silent
how is systolic HF diagnosed?
diagnosed when there is a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction
~<40%
What color will our clients skin be when diagnosed with emphysema?
typically, in early stages the client will be pink in color, as the disease progresses we can see more cyanotic effects
list 4 factors that increase risk of PVD
age, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, stress, family history
When looking at a calendar, what is considered true flu season?
November to March