labs & tests
Which laboratory test is most useful for identifying the presence of infection or inflammation?
WBC
A urinalysis that shows protein and blood may indicate:
KIDNEY DISEASE
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for memory formation and is commonly affected in dementia?
HIPPOCAMPUS
Nursing management of ALS primarily focuses on:
Palliative care and quality of life
Multiple sclerosis is best described as:
An autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system
A low hemoglobin level would most likely indicate which condition?
anemia
CRITICALLY HIGH POTASSIUM REQUIRES WHAT
IMMEDIATE PHYSICIAN NOTIFICATION
Which symptom would the nurse identify as a behavioral or psychological manifestation of dementia?
WANDERING
The primary goal of nursing management for patients with Alzheimer’s disease is to:
Maintain function and independence as long as possible
In multiple sclerosis, the immune system primarily attacks the:
MYELIN SHEATH
Platelets primarily function to:
promote blood clotting
The nurse’s role during diagnostic testing includes:
MONITORING FOR COMPLICATIONS
Which assessment tool is commonly used to evaluate cognitive status in a client with dementia?
Mini‑Mental State Examination (MMSE)
A nurse caring for a patient with Alzheimer’s disease should prioritize recognizing and assessing for which early signs?
MEMORY LOSS AND CONFUSION
The most common underlying cause of vascular dementia is:
Repeated strokes or small‑vessel disease
Which test best evaluates kidney function?
creatinine
A nurse recognizes that sodium levels primarily reflect:
Fluid balance and neurologic function
ALS primarily affects which type of neurons?
Upper and lower motor neurons
A priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with MS experiencing muscle weakness is:
IMPAIRED MOBILITY
Acute urinary retention is considered:
A MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Which test is used to assess effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy such as warfarin?
INR
Which electrolyte imbalance places a patient at the highest risk for cardiac dysrhythmias?
POTASSIUM
The hallmark feature of ALS progression is:
Loss of voluntary muscle control
A priority nursing assessment for melena is monitoring for:
Shock and hypovolemia
Black, tarry, foul‑smelling stools are known as:
MELENA