Terminology
What is intermittent claudication?
cramping pain located distal to the arterial obstruction that occurs while the patient is exercising.
What are the 4 risk factors for artherosclerosis?
• Hypercholesterolemia
• Cigarette smoking
• Hypertension
• Diabetes mellitus
pulmonary emboli are commonly caused by what?
DVTs originating in the lower extremities
What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins
• Tunica intima (innermost layer)
• Tunica media (muscular middle layer)
• Tunica adventitia (fibrous outer layer)
What does iatrogenic injury mean?
injury caused by medical treatment
What might acute arterial insufficiency result from?
acute occlusion or rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaque
peripheral neuropathy involves what location?
outside brain and spinal cord
What is the first major branch of the internal carotid artery?
The first major branch of the internal carotid artery is the ophthalmic artery.
What is the difference between a false aneurysm and a dissecting aneurysm?
A dissecting aneurysm results from a tear in the artery wall that allows blood to dissect between the layers of the vessel wall.
A false aneurysm, or pseudoaneurysm, is not an aneurysm but a disruption through all the layers of a vessel wall with the escaping blood being contained by the perivascular tissues.
What aortic diameter is required for a diagnosis of AAA for men and women?
Patients are diagnosed with an AAA when the diameter of the aorta is 3 cm or larger for men and 2.6 cm or larger for women
What are the three elements of Virchow's triad?
endothelial injury, venostasis, and hypercoagulability
aortic dissection arises from a tear in what anatomical feature of the aorta
aortic intima
What does extraanatomic mean?
Outside the normal anatomic pathway
What are the 6 P's of acute arterial occlusion?
• Pain (sudden, severe)
• Pulselessness
• Paresthesia
• Paralysis
• Pallor
• Poikilothermia (coolness) of an extremity
cyclic edema refers to:
fluid retention when in an upright position
What graft is reserved for dialysis patients who have exhausted other fistula sites.
axillofemoral graft