Cerebrovascular
An episode of stroke-like neurologic symptoms that typically lasts for a few minutes to several hours and then resolves completely is known as:
TIA - Transient Ischemic Attack
A 70 year old male presents with a history of claudication. What type of waveform would you expect to see distal to a stenosis found in his duplex exam?
Dampened, decreased flow velocity
Delayed acceleration time, rounded peak
“Tardus-parvus”
Your patient presents with a mildly painful, oozy ulcer near her medial malleolus and you see a brawny discoloration in the gaitor zone. What type of ulcer is this?
Venous Ulcer
Your patient presents with a dull, aching pain 20 minutes after eating. What vessel should you be most concerned about?
Superior mesenteric artery
A normal hemodialysis fistula should have a volume flow rate of:
> 800 ml/min
What flow pattern would you expect to see at the site of a hemodynamically significant stenosis?
High-velocity jet
Increase in peak systolic velocity
A diabetic patient presents with an ankle systolic pressure of over 200 mmHg. What is the most probable reason for this?
A falsely elevated pressure due to arterial calcification
What manuevers are used to diagnose venous insufficiency?
Ask patient to perform valsalva manuever
Compress limb distal to transducer (augmentation of flow should occur; no reflux after release)
Compress limb proximal to transducer (look for reflux while compression is occurring)
Why would a doctor order a renal artery duplex? What condition are they suspecting?
Reno-vascular hypertension
The portal vein:
Contains no valves
Has bright echogenic walls
Peak doppler waveforms are 10 to 30 cm/sec
What level of stenosis is a peak sytolic velocity of 110cm/s in the ICA consistent with?
Normal with no plaque (and no spectral broadening)
<50% stenosis - if some plaque present
A patient presents with a cold, pale, pulseless leg and is complaining of severe leg pain, numbness and tingling. What condition do you suspect?
Acute arterial occlusion
The greatest risk factor for development of primary varicose veins is:
The greatest risk factor for development of secondary varicose veins is:
1. congenital absence of valves, hereditary
2. previous thrombotic episode/history of DVT
Iliac artery is considered aneurysmal with a diameter of:
>1.5 cm or when diameter increases by 50% when compared to normal segment
What type of flow should a normal hepatic artery and portal vein display?
Hepatopetal
In transcranial doppler, the MCA, ACA, and PCA, can be examined through which approach?
Patients complaining of rest pain, usually have an ABI of:
<0.5
The body has an area known as the "peripheral heart"/"little heart"/"second heart". Which area is this?
The calf muscle
The most common location for an aortic anuerysm is:
Infrarenal
Inferior to the renal arteries
What is the most common type of hemodialysis access?
Brescia-Cimino grafts
The most important collateral pathway in the cerebral arterial system is:
The Circle of Willis
Pain in muscle groups brought on by exercise or activity that recedes with cessation of activity; can occur in the calf, thigh, or buttock is known as:
Intermittent claudication
The external iliac veins contain valves in what percentage of individuals
25%
The most common aortic stent graft (EVAR device) is:
Bifurcated graft
Duplex findings in portal hypertension include all of the following:
Increased portal vein diameter (>13mm)
Increased splenic vein and SMV diameters (>10mm)
<20% increase in SMV or splenic vein diamter, quiet respiration to deep inspiration
Decreased or absent respiratory variation (portal/splenic veins)
Diminisged static, altered pulsatility or portal and hepatic venous flow
Hepatofugal flow (portal/splenic veins)
Portosystemic collaterals
Ascites and Splenomegaly
Liver parenchymal pathology
Portal vein obstruction