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Vasculogenesis
Angiogenesis
Therapeutics
Heart Development
I think I'm having a heart attack...
100
This type of vessel carries blood away from the heart.
What is an artery?
100
This cell forms filopodia during angiogenesis.
What is a tip cell?
100

This salad ingredient provided the scaffold for researchers studying how blood perfuses through cardiac tissue.

What is spinach?
100
The most muscular part of the heart; it does the lion's share of the work during pumping. 
What is the left ventricle?
100
This segment of the echocardiogram, or EKG, is elevated during a "STEMI"
What is the ST segment?
200
Structures whose interior cells become blood and exterior cells become endothelium.
What are blood islands?
200
The main areas of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange in most tissues, where veins and arteries meet.
What are capillary beds?
200
Lack of this molecule induces angiogenesis in many tissues, including tumors. 
What is oxygen?
200
The heart is derived from this. 
What is the lateral plate mesoderm?
200
This congenital defect allows blood to swirl in the heart rather than going through the lungs.
What is atrial septal defect (ASD)?
300
This type of transition during early embryonic development forms the neural crest; it's reverse process is responsible for forming vascular endothelium.
What is the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)?
300
These two molecules are typically involved in neuron formation but have been found associated with angiogenesis as well.
What are semaphorins and netrins?
300
This process removes all biological material (except the external structures) from tissues in order to make them suitable for engineering and implantation applications. 
What is decellularization? 
300
This extracellular matrix protein is expressed earlier on the left side of the developing heart.
What is plectin?
300
Persistence of this "bridge" after birth requires immediate surgical correction.
What is the ductus arteriosus?
400
This phrase is used to indicate formation without a pre-existing structure.

What is de novo formation?

400
VEGFR stimulates these two processes.

Hint: one is a physical change, one is expression of something.

What are filopodia formation and Delta Like Ligand 4 (DLL4) expression?
400
These biomolecules bind to VEGF directly to inhibit its function.
What are A and B antibodies?
400
These two transcription factors are induced by bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and turn on cardiac specific gene expression.
What are Nkx2.5 and GATA-4
400

In a healthy 7 month old fetus (in utero), blood travels through the heart chambers following this pathway.

What is right atrium --> left atrium --> left ventricle?
500
These 3 growth factors guide vasculogenesis in most vertebrates (must have full name).
What are fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoeitin (Ang)?
500

These 3 growth factors guide angiogenesis in most vertebrates (must have full name).

What are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)?
500
Small molecule inhibitors inhibit these players in the cellular signaling cascade, in an effort to decrease cancer growth. 
What are tyrosine kinases?
500

A protein that belongs to a specific family of signaling molecules and is responsible for the asymmetry that induces looping of the heart tube (must include what family of signaling molecule it belongs to).

What is the homeobox transcription factor Pitx2?

500

These cells form the 3rd septum of the heart, which s a spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into the pulmonary artery and aorta. Defects in this process are incompatible with life.

What are cardiac neural crest cells?