Distinguishing Vessels
32. Which of the following is not a type of capillary?
a. Continuous
b. Sinusoid
c. Muscular
d. Fenestrated
c- Muscular
29. Which of the following is the outermost layer in the wall of a vein?
a. Tunica interna
b. Tunica myodia
c. Tunica media
d. Tunica externa
d. Tunica externa
33. What type of receptors monitor and regulate blood pressure?
a. Baroreceptors
b. Osmoreceptors
c. Carotids
d. Sympathetic nerves
a- Baroreceptors
44. What is responsible for long-term regulation of blood pressure?
a. Nervous system stimulation
b. Baroreceptors
c. Cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata
d. Hormonal control
d- hormonal control
40. Which of the following does not help blood flow in veins despite their low pressure?
a. Skeletal muscle contraction
b. Respiratory pump
c. One-way valves
d. Large smooth muscle contraction in walls of veins
d- large smooth muscle contraction
36. In which vessel does blood flow the most slowly through?
a. Arteries
b. Veins
c. Capillaries
d. Venules
c- Capillaries
35. Which of the following is not a mechanism of molecule exchange at the capillary wall?
a. Diffusion
b. Steroid transport
c. Vesicular transport
d. Hydrostatic pressure gradients
b- Steroid transport
34. What will parasympathetic nerve stimulation cause?
a. Increase in heart rate
b. Vasoconstriction
c. Decrease in heart rate
d. Increase in blood pressure
c- decrease in heart rate
46. Which of the following is not an effect of angiotensin 2?
a. Increased urine excretion
b. Vasoconstriction
c. Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex
d. Blood pressure increase
a- increased urine excretion
43. What is the most important factor that determines resistance in blood vessels?
a. Length of the vessel
b. Diameter of the vessel
c. Blood viscosity
d. Hematocrit levels
b- diameter of vessel
50. Which type of vessel accounts for the greatest total cross-sectional area?
a. Arteries
b. Veins
c. Capillaries
d. Venules
c- Capillaries
49. What does albumin contribute to?
a. Oxygen levels in tissues
b. Na transport across skeletal muscle membrane
c. Osmotic pressure of blood
d. Immune system surveillance
c- Osmotic pressure of blood
39. Which of the following will lead to an increase in systemic blood pressure?
a. A decrease in stroke volume
b. A decrease in blood volume
c. Vasoconstriction
d. A decrease in heart rate
c- vasoconstriction
47. Angiotensin is converted to angiotensin 1 in the presence of ____________
a. Aldosterone
b. Renin
c. Epinephrine
d. Albumin
b- renin
52. During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscle is _____________ by increasing vessel _____________ to those tissues.
a. Increased, length
b. Increased, diameter
c. Decreased, length
d. Decreased, diameter
b- Increased, diameter
30. Which of the following is not true about arteries?
a. Muscular arteries are found farther away from the heart than elastic arteries
b. The pressure in the arteries is relatively high compared to other vessels
c. Cells in the walls of arteries are supplied with blood via the vasa vasorum
d. At any given moment most of our body’s blood volume is found within them
d- at any given moment most of our body's blood volume is found within them
38. The ___________ of the blood vessel is continuous with the endocardium of the heart.
a. Endometrium
b. Vasa vasorum
c. Endothelium
d. Collagen connective tissue
c- Endothelium
42. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system will cause all of the following except…
a. Heart rate increase
b. Vasoconstriction
c. Cardiac output decrease
d. Blood pressure increase
c- cardiac output decrease
45. _________________ is released from the adrenal medulla in response to ____________ blood pressure.
a. Norepinephrine, increased
b. Epinephrine, decreased
c. Renin, decreased
d. Cortisol, increased
b- epinephrine, decreased
51. True or False: arteriosclerosis increases resistance in vessels.
a. True
b. False
a- True
41. The diameter of a typical venule is approximately ___ micrometers.
a. 50
b. 20
c. 150
d. 2
c- 150
31. A direct connection between an artery and vein without the junction of a capillary is referred to as what?
a. Portal system
b. Arterio-venous anastomosis
c. Pulmonary embolus
d. Bypass
b- arterio-venous anastomosis
37. What is mean arterial pressure measuring?
a. Highest systolic pressure in the ventricle
b. Lowest resting blood pressure recorded throughout a 2 hour periodc. Average pressure over a period of time
d. The sum of both systolic and diastolic blood pressures
c- Average pressure over a period of time.
48. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has the opposite effect of what other hormone?
a. Cortisol
b. Epinephrine
c. Aldosterone `
d. Renin
c- aldosterone
53. During exercise your muscle produce larger amounts of CO2 as a result of performing work. What type of changes will this cause in your vessels?
a. Relaxation of muscle precapillary sphincters
b. Vasodilation to visceral circulation
c. Decrease in cardiac output
d. Vasoconstriction to muscular circulation
a- relaxation of muscle precapillary sphincters