Basic Concepts
Name the 3 Basic planes and how they divide the body
Sagittal (left and right)
Frontal (dorsal and ventral)
Transverse (cranial and caudal)
Name the parts of a neurons and their function
Dendrites (transmits impulses towards the cell body)
Axon (transmits impulses away from the body)
Name the 4 Types of Bones and give an example of each
Long Bones (ex. Humerus, Femur)
Short Bones (ex. Carpus, Tarsus)
Flat Bones (ex. Skull)
Irregular (ex. Vertebrae, Bones of inner ear)
Name the regions of forelimbs
Shoulder, Metacarpus, Branchium, Antebranchium, Carpus, Digits
which type of blood vessel has no valves in it?
Arteries
Match The Following:
1. Dorsal
2. Ventral
3. Cranial
4. Caudal
a. Located towards the head of the animal
b. Related to the belly (underside) of the animal
c. Related to the back (upperside) of the animal
d. Located towards the tail of the animal
3a (Cranial = head)
2b (Ventral = underside)
1c (Dorsal = upperside)
4d (Caudal = tail)
Name the regions of the brain
Forebrain (Diencephalon + Telencephalon)
Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
Hindbrain (Metencephalon + Myelencephalon)
Joints connects bones to ________
Tendons connects bones to _________
joints = bones-bones
tendons = bones-muscles
what is the difference between the Supraspinous fossa and Infraspinous fossa?
Supraspinous fossa = above spine
Infraspinous fossa = below spine
The thoracic duct carries ____________
Lymph
Name the 3 components of Connective Tissue
*Double Jeopardy*: Name the specific types of each component
Fibers, Cells, Ground Substances
*Double Jeopardy*:
Fibers (Reticular, Collagenous, Elastic)
Cells (Stationery, Migrating)
Ground Substanace: Glycosaminoglycans
"Fight or Flight" response is found in _________________ nervous system
"Rest and Digest" response is found in _________________ nervous system
Sympathetic; Parasympathetic
Name the 3 Types of Joints
Synovial (separated by a fluid filled space)
Fibrous (present between skull bones)
Cartilaginous (temporary or permanent)
True of False: The lateral styloid process articulates with the radius?
False;
Medial styloid process
The "Ossa cordis" is present in which species?
Bovines
Name the 3 Types of Connective Tissue and give an example of each
Specialized (ex. Blood, Cartilage, Bone)
Loose (ex. Fascia/Areolar Tissue)
Dense (ex. Tendons, Ligaments)
List the Classification of Neurons and their functions
Bipolar (neuron that has two extensions (one axon and one dendrite)
Unipolar (neuron in which only one process and extends from the cell body )
Multipolar (neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites)
_________ is connective tissue that is present and supports blood vessels and nerves
Fascia
The olecranon process is the palpable point of the which bone?
ulna (elbow)
Match the following:
1. Sinoatrial node
2. Purkinje fibers
3. Nutrient supply to the heart
4. Smallest blood vessel
5. Chordae tendinae
6. Ductus arteriosus
a. Capillary
b. Bundle of "His"
c. Right atrial wall
d. Connects papillary muscles to heart valves
e. Connection between pulmonary trunk and aorta in the fetus
f. Coronary vessels
1c.
2b.
3f.
4a.
5d.
6e.
Define the following terms:
Diastema, Occlusal, Mesial, Distal, Lingual, Rostral, Anterior, Posterior, Medial, Lateral, Axial, Abaxial
Diastema (space/gap between a teeth)
Occlusal (grinding surface of teeth)
Mesial (located towards midline of jaw)
Distal (located away from midline of jaw)
Lingual (located towards the tongue)
Rostral (located towards the muzzle)
Anterior (located closer to the front of the body)
Posterior (located closer to the back of the body)
Medial (located towards the midline)
Lateral (located away from the midline)
Axial (located towards the center of limbs)
Abaxial (located away from the center of limbs)
List the functions of the following Cranial Nerves:
Olfactory, Optic, Trigeminal, Facial, Auditory, and Vagus
*Double Jeopardy*: Name the other Cranial nerves and their functions
Olfactory (I): nerves in the nasal cavity
Optic (II): nerves that connect w/ eye retina
Trigeminal (V): nerves that innervate mandibular muscles
Facial (VII): nerves that innervate facial muscles
Auditory (VIII): nerves responsible for location, movement, and auditory part of ear
Vagus (X): nerves that innervate organs, brain, and abdomen
*Double Jeopardy*:
Occulomotor (III): nerves that innervate pupil and lens, and upper eyelid
Trochlear (IV): nerves that innervate eye muscles
Abducent (VI): nerves that draw eyeball into socket
Glossopharyngeal (IX): Nerves that responsible for swallowing and the gag reflex
Accessory (XI): Nerves that control the movement of certain neck muscles
Hypoglossal (XII): Nerves that provide motor innervation of tongue muscles
Name the 3 types of muscles and their characteristics
Skeletal muscles (striated muscles and voluntary control)
Cardiac muscles (striated muscles and involuntary control)
Smooth muscles (non-striated and involuntary control)
The spine of the scapula ends in the acromion process EXCEPT in which two species?
Horses and Pigs
Describe how blood flows through the body
oxygenated blood enters left atrium, goes into left ventricle, blood pumps through aorta, goes through arteries then arterioles then capillaries, deoxygenated blood goes through veins and enters caudal vena cava, deoxygenated blood enters right atrium, goes into right ventricle, goes through pulmonary arteries then pulmonary arterioles then pulmonary capillaries, oxygenated blood enters pulmonary veins and then enters left atrium