Resp
Name and define each of these acronyms?
FRC
ERV
VC
RV
TLC
FRC = Forced residual capacity - amount of air left in lungs after tidal expiration
Expiratory reserve volume - the air that can be further expired after tidal ventilation
Vital capacity = amount of air that can be expelled from lungs after max inspiration
reserve capacity = amount of air in lungs that cannot be expelled
Total lung capacity = total amount of air the lungs can hold
What test would you use to diagnose growth hormone overproduction? Explain how this test works and the predicted results you would obtain from a normal vs. an acromegalic patient? How would underproduction differ from this?
a glucose challenge test - make them eat and if they produce GH after eating than they have an overproduction
A normal person would have insulin and no GH
whereas an acromegalic patient would have Insulin and GH
In the john Oliver clip of last week tonight, what was Doctor love's prescription for being happier?
8 hugs a day
Which of the following renal function(s) is/are not true?
A) regulation of extracellular volume
B) Regulation of plasma glucose concentration
C) Regulation of arterial blood pressure
D) Excretion of waste from protein metabolism
E) Excretion of waste from muscle metabolism
F) Excretion foreign chemicals
G) regulation of extracellular osmolarity
H) Regulation of acid-base balance
I) Activation of Vit D
J) Activation of antidiuretic hormone
b & j
How would a spirogram show an obstructive vs restrictive lung disease? Name a type of disease for either option?
Obstructive = hard breathing out (long exhalation time) - cystic fibrosis
Restrictive = hard breathing in (doesn't go as high as it should on the chart) - pulmonary fibrosis
Draw the complete pathway controlling thyroid hormone secretion?
not on here
What are the renal mechanisms that allow the production of hyper osmotic urine
ADH - allows H2O to leave distal tubule
If the clearance of substance X is less than the clearance of insulin/ creatinine
A) Substance X is reabsorbed
B) Substance X is secreted
C) Substance X is bound to plasma proteins
D) Substance X is bound to tubular proteins
E) Substance X is positively charged
F) Substance X is negatively charged
G) Substance X is neither secreted nor reabsorbed
A and f?
What is the Bohr effect? Why does it improve oxygen delivery to active muscles (be specific)?
Its a right shift on an oxygen disassociation curve
- decreased pH, higher temp, organic phosphate
makes it easier for Hb to load and unload O2
What do we call the condition in which people get hypothyroidism from birth? explain why people with this condition are short?
Creatinism
You need the thyroid to help produce GH, so with a lack of TH there is not enough GH for proper growth
Why is it both good and bad to have so much reserve renal capacity?
Good = can live off of about 1/3 of a kidney if needed
Bad = Renal dysfunction can cause many different clinical signs
idk if this is right
Use one sentence to describe the main function of proximal tubule that is unique among nephron
Absorbs 65% of original filtrate
k+ is always reabsorbed in proximal tubule, but variable secretion in distal nephrons
Draw a complete pathway controlling growth hormone secretion? (include target cells/organs and all feedback systems)
Is goiter a sign of hyperthyroidism or hyperthyroidism?
Both
hypo = not enough iodine in thyroid so increased TSH which make the thyroid large
Hyper = excess TH and iodine will cause goiter
Briefly describe two physiological reasons why animals are capable of producing hypotonic urine?
The ascending L of H is impermeable to water
the counter current flow allows for production of hypotonic urine
idk if this is right
Use one sentence to describe the main function of Loop of Henle that is unique among nephron
The loop of Henle allows the filtrate concentration to fluxuate to maintain the interstitial fluid osmolarity of the medulla
Imagine you could track a specific molecule of oxygen. Describe the most common path this molecule would take from the moment it enters your nostril, to the moment it enters the muscle cell in your finger are you are writing this answer. Describe the specific anatomical features the molecule would pass through, and explain the forces that would move this molecule from one anatomical region to the next?
Nasal passage -> pharynx ->trachea -> lung -> bronchi -> bronchiole -> alveoli -> capillaries -> pulmonary vein -> heart -> aorta -> arteries -> capillaries -> tissues
Why would we want to lower plasma (phosphate) in people suffering from low plasma (calcium)
Because it will bind with calcium to form crystals, which leaves little calcium for actions like bone deposition
Its thursday night and you are at the Long Branch enjoying your usual Ag night. You drank 2 liters of one of the following beverages
Which one would cause the highest specific gravity in urine - Water, Clamato juice, Caesar, sprite, vodka
Explain the physiological reasoning for your answer
Clamato i think
Due to it being the most concentrated, there will be more solutes in the urine causing a higher specific gravity than the others
correct me if I'm wrong please
Use one sentence to describe the main function of distal nephron that is unique among nephron