Unit 3 AOS1
The sugar found in RNA nucleotides.
Ribose
The light-dependent stage of photosynthesis occurs in these structures of the chloroplast.
thylakoid membranes
The first line of defence against pathogens is known as this.
physical, chemical, and microbiological barriers
When certain traits give an individual a survival advantage, this process changes allele frequencies.
Natural selection
How close measurements are to the true value.
accuracy
This term describes how DNA in all living things uses the same triplet code for amino acids.
Universal
This enzyme fixes carbon dioxide in the Calvin Cycle but can also bind to oxygen, reducing efficiency.
Rubisco
A type of immune response that occurs when the body reacts inappropriately to harmless substances like pollen.
Allergic reaction
Movement of individuals or their alleles between populations is called this.
Gene flow
The variable that is deliberately changed in an experiment.
independent variable
The process of converting mRNA into a polypeptide chain.
Translation
These plants (e.g., maize) separate initial carbon fixation and the Calvin Cycle into different cells.
C4 plants
These lymphocytes produce antibodies to target extracellular pathogens.
B lymphocytes
Fossils showing features of two different groups, demonstrating evolutionary transition
transitional fossils
This type of investigation examines real or hypothetical events or problems, often including historical analysis, role-play, or problem-solving, and allows recommendations to be made.
Case study
The region of a gene where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription.
Promoter region
This stage of aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and releases carbon dioxide.
The Krebs Cycle
The main purpose of the inflammatory response.
to increase blood flow and recruit immune cells to the site of infection
Comparing DNA or amino acid sequences can reveal this between species
molecular homology
This principle ensures that no group bears an unfair burden from a scientific action and that benefits are distributed fairly.
Justice
The four levels of protein structure, in order.
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures
A decrease in this factor reduces enzyme activity in both photosynthesis and respiration due to less kinetic energy.
temperature
The difference between active and passive immunity.
active immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies, while passive involves receiving them from another source
When species diverge within the same location due to ecological or behavioural differences.
sympatric speciation
This principle involves considering the intrinsic and instrumental value of living things, their autonomy, and ensuring protection when their capacity to decide is diminished.