Musculoskeletal
Name one major function of the skeletal system.
skeletal system.Provides support, protection of vital organs, movement, mineral storage, or production of red blood cells.
What is the main function of the heart?
To pump blood around the body.
Name the three energy systems used to resynthesise ATP.
ATP-PC, Anaerobic Glycolysis, and Aerobic systems.
Define muscular strength.
The maximal force a muscle or muscle group can produce in one contraction.
Define the training principle of frequency.
frequency.How often training sessions are performed per week.
Identify the type of joint found at the elbow.
Hinge joint.
How is a persons Max Heart Rate calculated?
220 - Age
Identify the fuel source used predominantly by the ATP-PC system.
Phosphocreatine (PC).
Identify one fitness component that would be most important for a marathon runner.
Aerobic power (or muscular endurance).
Identify the main purpose of the warm-up phase of a training session.
To prepare the body for exercise by increasing blood flow, temperature, and joint mobility.
Explain the role of tendons in human movement.
Tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing force from muscle contraction to move the skeleton.
Define stroke volume.
The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat.
Explain why the anaerobic glycolysis system contributes more as exercise duration increases beyond 10 seconds.
PC stores deplete quickly, so the body switches to breaking down glucose anaerobically to produce ATP.
Explain why fitness testing should be both valid and reliable.
Valid tests measure what they claim to measure; reliable tests produce consistent results under the same conditions.
Explain how the principle of progression can be applied in an aerobic training program.
Gradually increasing volume or intensity (e.g., running distance or speed) to continually challenge the body and improve fitness.
Describe how an agonist and antagonist work together during a bicep curl.
The biceps (agonist) contracts concentrically to flex the elbow, while the triceps (antagonist) relaxes to allow movement.
Explain how the cardiovascular system responds to an increase in exercise intensity.
Heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output increase to deliver more oxygen to muscles.
Compare the rate and yield of ATP production between the aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis systems.
Anaerobic glycolysis has a faster rate but lower yield; aerobic has a slower rate but higher yield of ATP.
Describe how direct observation can be used as a method of activity analysis.
A coach or observer watches a performance and records data on skill frequency, intensity, or movement patterns.
Describe one key feature and one benefit of resistance training.
Feature: use of weights or body resistance. Benefit: increases strength, power, or muscle mass.
A sprinter pushes off the starting blocks. Explain how the muscular and skeletal systems interact to produce this movement.
Muscles (e.g., quadriceps, gluteals) contract to pull on bones via tendons, producing movement at joints such as the hip and knee.
During prolonged submaximal exercise, explain how oxygen is transported and utilised by the body to maintain steady-state conditions.
Oxygen is carried by haemoglobin in red blood cells, delivered to muscles, and used for aerobic energy production to meet energy demands.
A 400m sprinter experiences fatigue near the end of their race. Explain which energy system is dominant and why fatigue occurs.
Anaerobic glycolysis system dominates; fatigue results from accumulation of hydrogen ions lowering muscle pH and inhibiting enzyme activity.
Justify the selection of two specific fitness tests that would best assess a basketball player’s fitness profile.
Vertical jump test (muscular power) for rebounding and sprint test (anaerobic capacity) for fast breaks.
Design a specific training session (including method and principle) that targets anaerobic capacity for a 200m sprinter. Justify your choices.
Short Interval Training
3-10s work
95%HR Max
Passive recovery
WR 1:5-1:10