U1 AOS 1.1
What do psychologists mean by the term 'nature'?
The genetic influences on development.
When a child meets the expected neurological and cognitive developmental milestones, they are categorised as being…
neurotypical.
What are the 4 brain lobes?
Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal.
What is sprouting in adaptive plasticity?
Neuron’s ability to develop new branches on the dendrites or axons
In an experiment studying the effects of sleep on memory retention, what are the independent and dependent variables?
IV - amount of sleep.
DV - memory retention.
What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
A psychologist can diagnose and help manage mental disorders, whereas a psychiatrist can diagnose mental disorders and prescribe medication.
Explain the concept of neurodiversity
Variations in neurological development and functioning across groups
When can CTE be diagnosed?
Only after a person has died, through conducting an autopsy.
What is rerouting in adaptive plasticity?
Neuron’s ability to form a new connection with another undamaged neuron.
In research, it is difficult to experiment the whole population. Therefore, we need to select a representative group called the ..........?
Sample
What are 2 characteristics of a sensitive period?
-Learning is more responsive during this time.
-Learning is easier.
-Difficult to learn after period has ended (not impossible).
What is the biopsychosocial model?
A holistic framework for understanding the human experience in terms of the influence of biological, psychological and social factors.
How can an ABI impact a person's biological, psychological and social functioning? (Give an example of each).
Biological - headaches, fatigue, movement challenges.
Psychological - personality changes, memory/concentration loss.
Social - anti-social behaviour, change in social support/relationships.
Phrenology involves..
studying the lumps and bumps on a person’s head allowing them to determine personality and behavioural traits.
What is quantitative and qualitative data?
Quantitative - Data that is expressed numerically.
Qualitative - Data that is expressed non-numerically/descriptive
What are the 3 types of attachment?
Explain each style.
Secure attachment - strong emotional bond between infant and primary caregiver.
Insecure-Avoidant attachment - infant ignores primary caregiver, usually because the caregiver is not meeting the infant's needs.
Insecure-Anxious (Resistant) attachment - infant fluctuates from being clingy to ignoring caregiver, usually because caregiver is inconsistently meeting the infant's needs.
A Yr 11 Psych student feels overwhelmed by homework. Provide a response that shows adaptive behaviour and maladaptive behaviour?
Answers may vary.
Adaptive
- Breaking the homework into smaller tasks and seeking help if needed
Using a study group to complete the work
Maladaptive
-Pretending to be sick to avoid school
-Ignoring the homework and playing video games all evening
-Copying answers from a friend to avoid falling behind
Difference between brain ablation and brain lesioning.
Brain ablation- The surgical removal, destruction, or cutting of a region of brain tissue.
Brain lesioning involved studying damages to parts of brain tissue
Give one example of a neuroimaging technique that would test for brain structure and brain function
Brain structure -MRI , CT
Brain function - PET , fMRI
What is one advantage and one disadvantage of using a within-subjects experimental design?
Advantage - fewer participants reduces participant differences.
Disadvantages - can cause order effects.
Give one example of cognitive development from each of Piagets stages of development.
Senserimotor (0–2) , Preoperational (2–7) , Concrete operational (7–12) , Formal operational (12+)
Senserimotor • Object permanence • Goal-directed behavior
Preoperational • Ego-centrism • Animism • Centration
Concrete operational • Conservation • Classification
Formal operational • Abstract thought • Use of reason and logic
What does culturally appropriate practice in psychological therapy involve?
Adapting therapy to respect and incorporate the client’s cultural beliefs and values
Maxine recently experienced a stroke and has suffered damage to her brain. As a result, she can understand others, and recognise what they're saying, but struggles to speak fluently and form complete sentences. Her twin, Marcus, agrees that she has suffered some sort of aphasia.
Which specific brain region is most likely affected, and where is it located?
Broca’s area in the frontal lobe
Ginny is able to speak clearly and can put together long sentences. However, when she speaks, the words are mostly meaningless, and she has trouble understanding others, including her mother, Georgia. Ginny’s symptoms are consistent with brain damage to which area and lobe?
Wernicke’s area in the temporal lobe.
In an experiment testing the effectiveness of two different teaching methods, participants are assigned to either the experimental or control group purely by chance, with no researcher influence on the assignment process. What is the name of this technique used to assign participants to groups?
Random allocation.