Cognitive Dissonance
Feeling psychological tension when your actions don’t match your beliefs.
What is cognitive dissonance?
This bias involves only looking for information that confirms what you already believe.
What is confirmation bias?
The 'A' in the ABC model stands for this.
What is affective?
The process of forming impressions and judgments about others
What is person perception?
These are mental shortcuts we use to make quick decisions
What are heuristics?
You smoke, even though you know it’s harmful. This creates this uncomfortable state.
What is cognitive dissonance?
When you blame your own mistakes on external factors but judge others harshly, you’re displaying this bias.
What is actor-observer bias?
The 'B' in the model refers to this outward expression.
What is behaviour?
These are the two types of sources of person perception
What are direct and indirect sources?
This heuristic uses the first piece of information we receive as a reference point for future decisions.
What is the anchoring heuristic?
One way to reduce cognitive dissonance is by doing this to your beliefs to match your behaviour.
What is changing your beliefs?
The tendency to assume everyone thinks like you.
What is false consensus bias?
This component includes your thoughts and beliefs.
What is cognitive?
Judging someone as untrustworthy because they wore casual clothes to an interview is an example of this
What is forming a first impression based on superficial cues?
This heuristic relies on how easily something comes to mind when making a judgement.
What is the availability heuristic?
This condition must exist for cognitive dissonance to occur
What is awareness of inconsistency and consequences?
'I aced the test because I’m smart; I failed math because the teacher’s bad' is an example of this bias.
What is self-serving bias?
All three components must be present for this to exist.
What is an attitude?
The tendency to misjudge someone’s actions as a personality flaw, ignoring their situation.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
You see a man in glasses reading quietly in a corner and assume he’s a librarian. This demonstrates this heuristic.
What is the representative heuristic?
Buying a pricey jacket instead of saving for a car—even though you know you shouldn't—might not lead to dissonance if you tell yourself this.
What is a justification like 'it was my birthday'?
You meet someone funny and assume they are also kind, smart, and outgoing. Name this bias.
What is the halo effect?
A person believes pineapple on pizza is disgusting, refuses to eat it, and thinks it’s wrong. This illustrates what?
What is the tri-component model of attitudes?
This term refers to impressions formed in under a second based on superficial cues like body language.
What are first impressions?
This heuristic is driven by emotions or 'gut feelings' rather than logic or statistics.
What is the affect heuristic?