Lungs Gone Wild
Inflammation and narrowing of the airways after exposure to an allergen characterizes what disease?
What is asthma?
The lubricant that coats the inner portion of the alveoli and allows for them to expand easier.
What is surfactant?
The thickest muscular layer of the heart is known as this.
What is the myocardium?
This is known as the "precursor" to a myocardial infarction.
What is angina?
This breath sound is common with asthma patients.
What is wheezing?
This disease causes loss of elasticity of the alveoli that leads to air trapping.
What is emphysema?
A patient is breathing rapidly but has poor oxygen saturation. What might this suggest? (a problem with what)
What is lack of diffusion?
This disease is an alteration in perfusion in which the clinical manifestations include: peripheral edema, JVD, ascites, and abdominal pain.
What is right-sided heart failure?
This is the reason you see crackles, pink frothy sputum, and dyspnea in left-sided heart failure.
What is pulmonary congestion or blood backing up into the lungs?
This is what causes an emphysema patient to develop a barrel chest.
What is air trapping and hyperinflation of the lungs?
A patient with a fever, productive cough, and crackles in the lungs most likely has what disease?
What is pneumonia?
Patients with cystic fibrosis are at increased risk for infection due to what problem.
What is thick mucus trapping bacteria and obstructing airways, making it difficult to clear pathogens
This part of the RASS system works to vasoconstrict the arteries and arterioles.
What is Angiotensin II?
This underlying process—initiated by endothelial injury and lipid accumulation—leads to plaque rupture and thrombus formation, ultimately occluding coronary arteries and causing an Myocardial infarction.
What is atherosclerosis?
This structural defect leads to hypoxic tissues due to mixing of blood.
What is a septal defect (VSD or ASD)?
A respiratory disease that causes inflammation, metaplasia, fibrosis, and mucus gland hyperplasia.
What is chronic bronchitis?
This breathing pattern consists of periods of apnea alternating with gradually deeper and then shallower breaths.
What is Cheyne-Stokes respirations?
Relaxation during diastole allows the ventricles to fill so what valves are closed?
What are the aortic and pulmonic valves?
A STEMI is indicative of what happening in the coronary arteries?
What is a complete blockage?
These dietary changes can help improve hypertension.
What is lower fat and lower sodium diet?
Elevated hematocrit on a patient with chronic bronchitis is due to what?
Chronic hypoxemia leads to erythropoietin production causing increased RBC production (polycythemia) to improve O2 carrying capacity
This disease promotes chemical mediators to vasodilate and increase capillary permeability leading to pulmonary edema, atelectasis, and severe respiratory distress.
What is ARDS
The U wave on the ECG correlates to what happening in the heart.
What is repolarization of the Purkinje fibers?
This elevated lab indicated cardiac muscle damage and indicates a myocardial infarction.
What is troponin levels?
This assessment finding is the earliest sign that a patient with respiratory distress is beginning to fail ventilation.
What is increasing PaCO2/CO2 retention?