chordates
tunicates, lancelets, hagfish, and lampreys
what are chordates?
originated from an ancestor that had jaws, gills, and paired fins
what are fish?
their eggs must remain moist to retain a strong link to water
what are amphibians?
first vertebrates to thrive on land
what are reptiles?
warm blooded, furry, milk drinkers
what are mammals?
notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slit, and postnatal tail
what are the four features of all chordates?
the most ancient fish have skeletons made of cartilage
what are sharks, rays, and skates?
improved lungs (porous skin for breathing), closed circulatory system, 3 chame red heart, and denser and stronger skeletons
what are the adaptations to live on land and water?
allows reptiles and mammals to breed in dry habitats
what is an amnion?
monotremes
what are mammals that lay eggs?
invertebrate chordates
what are tunicates, lancelets, and hagfish?
along the sides of cartilaginous fish, they have sense organs for detecting vibrations
what are lateral lines?
includes 3 main lineages
what are frogs, salamanders, and caecilians?
5 main groups of reptiles
what are turtles, lizards, snakes, alligators, and birds?
similar anatomy to reptiles
what are monotremes?
a bony or cartilage rich case that protects the brain
what is a cranium?
first adaptions for surviving on land
what are lobe finned fish?
smooth skinned or warty skinned
what are frogs and toads?
aquatic or dry reptiles that have a shell fused with a vertebrate making it an important component of the skeleton
what are turtles and tortoises?
mammary glands, hair, 4 chambered hearts, muscular diaphragm for breathing, and large breathing
what are unique mammal traits?
has hinged jaws
what are fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals
lungs developed from the swim bladder in a few species
what are lungfish?
lack limbs and resemble giant earth worms
what are caecilians?
warm, feathers provide lift, hollow bones keep the body lightweight, and specialized flight muscles attach to breast bones
what are the characteristics of birds?
eutherians and marsupials
what are mammals that bear live young?