SA Endocrine
What is a phaeochromocytoma?
Tumour of the adrenal medulla secreting catecholamines
What is the correct name for a hobday procedure?
Ventriculocordectomy
What is the aetiological agent of foul in the foot?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
When investigating chronic colic, what do you assess on abdominal ultrasound?
Position of organs in abdomen
Intestinal wall thickness
Lumen diameter
Motility
Peritoneal effusions
Why should honey not be fed to children under the age of 12 months old?
Honey likely contains Clostridium botulinum spores and young infants do not have the immunity to fight the infection
Name the three types of primary acquired hypothyroidism
Lymphocytic thyroiditis
Idiopathic atrophy
Thyroid neoplasia (aggressive)
What are the differential diagnoses for bilateral laryngeal paralysis?
Hepatic disease
– Toxicity- Organophosphate/ Lead
– Post anaesthetic complication
– Equine Protozoal
Myeloencephalitis (EPM) not UK
What does the vaccine bovipast protect againts?
RSV (inactivated)
PI3 (inactivated)
Mannhaemia haemolytica (inactivated)
Name 8 causes of weight loss
Dental disease
Parasitism
Inadequate diet
PPID
Liver disease
PLE
Chronic D+
Abdominal abscess
Renal disease
Cardiac disease
Chronic thoracic disease
Non-GI neoplasia
EGS
What is the maximum amount of time allowed between stunning and sticking in a cow?
60 seconds
What are the complications of thyroidectomies?
Iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism
Laryngeal paralysis
Horner's syndrome
Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage
Transient or permanent hypothyroidism
What are the trephine sites for sinoscopy?
Frontal sinus- 60% from midline to medial canthus, 0.5cm caudal to medial canthus
Caudal Maxillary- 2cm rostral and 2cm ventral to medial canthus
Rostral Maxillary- Access via frontal sinus, beware of tooth roots, rarely used
Where does BHV1 stay latent in cows?
Trigeminal ganglion
What are the risk factors for a large colon volvulus?
Increased stabling
Changes to feed
Large horses
Mare that has just foaled
Dental disease
How heavy must an egg be too class as extra large
73g
Name 3 uncommon clinical signs of cushings
Thromboembolism
Ligament rupture
Facial nerve palsy
Pseudomytonia
Testicular atrophy
Persistent anoestrus
What are the chronic clinical signs of Temorohyoid osteoarthropathy?
• Acute onset Cr Nerve VII + VIII signs
• Facial nerve signs
– Ptosis
– Muzzle deviation
• Secondary ocular disease
– Exposure keatopathy -> Ulceration -> Uveitis
- painful eye – but NO blepharospasm
• Vestibular signs
– Head tilt and ataxia
– Slow nystagmus towards the affected eye
Which infectious agent only causes abortion in cattle between 2-4 months gestation?
Trichomonas
What are the hepatocellular liver enzymes in the horse?
For each one, say if they are liver specific and their other sources if not
SDH- Liver specific
GLDH- Liver specific
AST- non-liver specific - Muscle
LDH- non-liver specific- Muscle
Which pathogens are ranked as high risk in sheep meat in the EU?
Human pathogenic STEC
Toxoplasma gondii
What is the pre-operative management for a adrenalectomy when you are removing a cortisol-secreting tumour?
Trilosane for 3-4 weeks to remove immunosuppression, hypertension, hypercoagulability, pancreatitis and wound healing complications
What is the pathophysiology of RLN?
– Progressive loss of large myelinated nerve fibres of recurrent laryngeal nerve
– Neurogenic atrophy of intrinsic laryngeal muscles
– Loss of abductor and adductor function
• loss of CAD muscle function
What are the clinical signs of leptospirosis in cattle?
• Often unapparent and cow in latent state (long term urinary shedding bacteria)
• Persistent infection of reproductive tract (bull and cow) can result in infertility and shedding in discharges
• Abortions, stillbirths and weak calves in acute infection
• Retained foetal membranes
• Milk drop (flabby bag) = uncommon
What is the pathophysiology of Pyrrolizidine alkaloids? Name 3 plants that contain them
Alkylates DNA
Causes megalocytosis and fibrosis in the liver
Causes a persistent toxic effect
Ragwort, Fireweed, Patterson's curse. hound's tongue etc
In carcass meat safety assurance framework, what is the regulator responsible for?
–setting clear meat safety targets (which have to be achieved by the slaughterhouse) and animal-related targets (which have to be achieved by farms)
– auditing the operators’ systems
– meat inspection based controls