Cardiovascular
This chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood out to the body.
Left Ventricle
The main muscle involved in breathing.
Diaphragm
The first part of the small intestine.
Duodenum
The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood.
Nephron
The basic unit of the nervous system
Neuron
This gland is often called the "master gland".
Pituitary Gland
The name for the smallest blood vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occurs.
Capillaries
The tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.
Alveoli
This organ produces bile to aid in fat digestion.
Liver
The tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder.
Ureters
The part of the brain responsible for coordination and balance.
Cerebellum
The hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels.
Insulin
This type of blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen.
Red Blood Cells or Erythrocytes
The medical term for difficulty breathing.
Dyspnea
The wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
Peristalsis
The male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm
Testes
Two major divisions
CNS and PNS
The medical term for an overactive thyroid gland.
Hyperthyroidism
Abnormally fast heart rate.
Tachycardia
Explain the difference between inhalation and exhalation.
Diaphragm contracts, chest expands, air drawn into lungs. Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes, chest contracts, air expelled from lungs
The medical term for inflammation of the stomach lining.
Gastritis
Explain the role of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis.
Kidneys filter blood, remove waste products, regulate electrolyte balance, and maintain blood pressure
Responsible for bringing the body systems back to normal after a fight-or-flight response?
parasympathetic nervous system
Explain the role of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis.
Endocrine glands secrete hormones that regulate various body functions, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction
Describe the blood flow pathway through the heart, starting from the vena cava.
Vena Cava -> Right Atrium -> Right Ventricle -> Pulmonary Artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Veins -> Left Atrium -> Left Ventricle -> Aorta -> Body
The pharynx is divided in two:
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx
The section of the small intestine that communicate directly with the colon
ileum
Describe the stages of the estrous cycle.
Proestrus, Estrus, Diestrus, Anestrus
Explain the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Sympathetic - "fight or flight", Parasympathetic - "rest and digest"
Name three hormones produced by the adrenal glands and their functions.
Cortisol - stress response, Aldosterone - regulates electrolytes, Epinephrine/Norepinephrine - fight or flight response