Theories of Victimization and Crime
This theory suggests that criminality is a learned behavior, mainly through interactions with delinquent peers.
What is Social Learning Theory?
The Author of your textbook, Victimology: The Essentials.
Who is Leah E. Daigle?
The topic of our first article.
What is vicarious victimization and substance abuse?
The scientific study of victims and victimization.
What is Victimology?
Recorded by police, this index records the amount of crime separated by Part I and Part II offenses.
What is the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)?
Presented by Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi, this theory suggests that criminal behavior is caused by a single factor (low self control).
What is General Theory of Crime?
The first person to empirically investigate victim precipitation by studying Philadelphia homicides from 1948-1952.
Who is Marvin Wolfgang?
The topic of our second article.
What is bullying victimization?
Restrictions that people place on their own behaviors to protect themselves from harm.
What are avoidance behaviors?
Name at least two household characteristics that can increase the chance of personal victimization.
1. Low income household
2. Having children
3. Having 4+ cars (multiple)
4. Participating in Neighborhood Watch
5. Having security devices installed
The three components of Routine Activities Theory.
What are motivated offender, suitable target, and lack of capable guardianship?
Criminologist who established the term “victimology”.
Who is Benjamin Mendelsohn?
Name at least one dependent variable used in the 2009 research by the NCVS study.
1. Fear of victimization
2. Avoidance Behaviors
3. Protective Behaviors
First ever government sponsored victimization survey; relied on victims to recall their own victimization experiences.
What is the National Crime Survey?
Demographic characteristics of those most at risk of victimization.
Who are young, black males?
This theory suggests that the amount of control someone possesses over/under another increases risk of deviancy.
What is Control-Balance Theory?
Developed control-balance theory.
Who is Charles Tittle?
What was the independent variable being measure in the 2009 study by the NCVS.
What is bullying victimization/victimization status?
“Eye for an Eye” principle.
What is Lex talionis?
In 2008 the NCVS showed that this percentage of victims perceived their offender to be under the influence of alcohol at the time of the incident.
What is 36%?
This gene was discovered to distinguish individuals who have been victimized a single time from those who have been victimized more than once.
What is the DRD4 gene?
The name of the girl in the case study used throughout the book who was robbed and abused in an alley while walking home from the bar.
Who is Brittany?
This term was given to the behavior of a victim possibly using drugs in an attempt to relieve negative emotions produced by traumatic events.
What is “avoidant coping”?
Respect is seen as a commodity that must be maintained, even through violence.
What is the “code of the streets”?
Causes only the most serious crimes to be counted in the reporting process if multiple occur within the same incident.
What is the hierarchy rule?