Persian War
Athens
Athens/Sparta
Peloponnesian War
Names and Places
100
The first major invasion culminated in the Battle of M__________ in 490 BCE, where a Greek force, primarily composed of Athenian hoplites, defeated a Persian army of about 25,000 men.
What is Marathon?
100
Athens was a ___________ democracy. This type of democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate directly decides on policy initiatives, without elected representatives as proxies, as opposed to the representative democracy model which occurs in the majority of established democracies.
What is direct democracy?
100
King Leonidas led ___ (#) Spartan soldiers and a few thousand allies to block the Persian army.
What is 300?
100
This war was essentially a war between the two major Greek powers: Athens (_____[naval or land?] power) vs. Sparta (military/_____[naval or land?] power).
What is naval, land?
100
A Greek political unit made up of a city and surrounding land.
What is a city-state?
200
The wars began after the Ionian Revolt, an uprising of Greek city-states in Asia Minor against Persian rule. What Greek city-state supported this revolt?
What is Athens?
200
A ________ was a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece, primarily known for fighting in a phalanx formation.
What is a hoplite?
200
True or false: Athens began using Delian League money to build its empire and beautify the city. This angered Sparta and was one of the reasons they started war with Athens, out of fear Athens wished to take over all of Greece.
True.
200
Who won the Peloponnesian War?
What is Sparta?
Sparta won the Peloponnesian War. The conflict, which lasted from 431 to 404 B.C.E., ended with Sparta's decisive victory over Athens, culminating in the destruction of Athens' navy and the subsequent siege of the city.
200
Who was the Spartan king whose stand against the invading Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae in central Greece is one of the enduring tales of Greek heroism, invoked throughout Western history as the epitome of bravery exhibited against overwhelming odds?
Who is Leonidas?
300
The Persian King, named D_______ I, was outraged by this defiance and demanded symbolic tokens from Athens and Sparta, but the Athenians threw the Persian envoy into a pit and the Spartans into a well, symbolizing their refusal to submit. This act solidified the king's resolve to invade Greece and punish Athens.
Who is Darius?
300
This group, founded in 478 BCE, was a confederacy of Greek city-states led by Athens, originally formed to continue the fight against the Persian Empire and protect Greek cities in Ionia and the Aegean.
What is the Delian League?
300
This was an alliance of city-states centered on the Peloponnese peninsula and dominated by Sparta, existing from approximately 550 to 366 BCE.
What is the Peloponnesian League?
300
True or false: Persia funded the Spartan navy later in the war.
True.
300
The _______ Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia.
What is Aegean?
400
Persia demanded symbolic tokens of "______ and _______ (i.e. land and resources)?
Hint: These are two classical elements.
What is earth and water?
400
_________ was an Athenian statesman largely responsible for the full development, in the later 5th century BC, of both the Athenian democracy and the Athenian empire, making Athens the political and cultural focus of Greece. His achievements included the construction of the Acropolis, begun in 447.
Pericles
400
Athens invented trial by ______ (sometimes 200–500 people, even up to 1,000+ for major cases). Participants had to be _______ (male or female?) of age ____ at minimum.
What is jury, male, 30?
400
During the war, in 430 BC, a disease spread through the crowded city. It killed up to 1/3 of the population, including what central figure in Athens during the Peloponnesian War?
Who is Pericles?
400
____________ was the Greek author of the first great narrative history produced in the ancient world, the History of the Greco-Persian Wars.
Who is Herodotus?
500
After Darius I died, his son took over the Persian army. What was his son's name?
What is Xerxes?
500
The Athenian navy trapped the Persians in narrow waters and won a decisive victory in this battle.
What is the Battle of Salamis?
500
Citizens of Athens could vote once a year to banish a political/public figure for __ years. This was called what...?
What is ostracism?
500
The chaos that ensued after this divisive war allowed __________,an ancient kingdom located in the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, to take over Greece.
Hint: It starts with an M.
What is Macedonia?
500
This Athenian politician and general convinced Athenians to build a powerful fleet of triremes.
Who is Themistocles?