Fazel et al., 2024 - Study Design
Fazel and colleagues' (2024) study "Effectiveness of Violence Prevention Interventions..." aimed to address these limitations found in much of the preexisting research on the subject (name 1 of 3).
Lack of clarity of the specific intervention type being used (targeted, universal, indicated)
Exclusive focus on certain populations instead of the general population
Previous meta-analyses focus on one intervention rather than a variety of them
These school-based programs aim to reduce peer aggression and were found to have consistent (but small) effects.
What are psychosocial anti-bullying interventions?
Among the 3 key outcomes, SafeCare improves skills in this area where caregivers learn ways in how to keep children as healthy as possible.
What is health?
These programs train both parents and teachers to work with children with Autism Spectrum or language delays to promote their emotional regulation, social competence, language skills, school readiness, and relationships with others.
What is the Incredible Years?
"A synthesis of existing systematic reviews [allowing] the findings of reviews to be compared and contrasted, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis of the current evidence than any individual review on a specific topic" (Fazel et al., 2024).
What is an "umbrella review"?
These kinds of interventions showed the strongest evidence for violence reduction.
What are sports or activity-based interventions?
Among the 3 key outcomes, SafeCare helps improve this area that focuses on creating positive relationships between caregivers and their children.
What is parent-child interaction?
This parenting program is by the American Psychological Association, that teaches positive parenting skills to parents and caregivers of children from birth to age 10.
What is APA Adults and Children Together (ACT) Raising Safe Kids Program?
This OR value indicates an intervention was NOT effective in violence reduction
OR < 1
This intervention was shown to have some strong effects, but the authors note high variation from community to community (Fazel et al., 2024).
Community-based changes (specifically law enforcement of gun control)
In the Incredible Year programs for children, this extinct animal was used as a theme for materials along with life-sized puppets to capture children’s attention and improve their social-emotional skills and capabilities in various areas.
What is a dinosaur?
This program serves more than 300,000 children who are dual language learners.
What is (Early) Head Start program?
Anti-bullying programs are easier to evaluate because bullying has this characteristic.
High base-rates AKA high prevalence AKA high detectability
The authors describe sports-based / physical activity interventions as being successful, which is likely due to these factors (name 2 of 3).
Simplicity, scalability, and cost-effectiveness
Early Head Start programs serve around 28,000 children of what heritage and offer traditional language and cultural practices to provide high-quality services to young children and their families.
What is American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) heritage?
Since 1965, these programs have reached 40 million children and their families.
What are Early Head Start Programs?
The difference between indicated, targeted, and universal interventions
Indicated: directed at previous violent offenders
Targeted: directed at those at higher risk of violence
Universal: directed toward the general population
The authors' hypothesis for martial arts' effectiveness in comparison with other forms of physical activity-based interventions.
What are "techniques that emphasize self-reflection, ancient philosophies, and breathing techniques" (Fazel et al., 2024)?
This number of countries are currently implementing Incredible Years.
What is 36?
This program offers 18 weekly sessions typically run 60 minutes, and are provided in the family’s home (when possible) or virtually.
What is SafeCare Model?