Viral Atherogenesis
Let's Get High
Effuse My Heart
Hemodynamize
Fire Around
100
Global population-attributable fraction of CVD due to HIV is approximately this percentage
1%
100
One of the most common EKG associations in patients with a history of marijuana use
Atrial fibrillation (Studies have found temporal relation to marijuana and afib in up to 26% of cases. VT and SCD have been attributed in case reports)
100
In the developing world, this infection remains a major cause of pericardial effusion.
tuberculosis
100
Absent Y descent is seen in this pericardial condition
Tamponade
100
4 criteria of acute pericarditis
Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, ECG changes, effusion (>=2/4 diagnostic)
200
The protease inhibitors indinavir and lopinavir/ritonavir are linked to this metabolic disorder.
Diabetes (insulin resistance)? CD4 count
200
Prolonged QT interval increasing the risk of torsades, VT, and SCD is associated with this drug of abuse
Opiates (Especially methadone, increase this risk. Morphine and buprenorphone are lower risk compared to others)
200
In tamponade, the equalization of left and right atrial and ventricular diastolic pressures with pericardial pressure typically occurs in this pressure range
20–25 mmHg
200
Definition of pulsus paradoxus - the pathology it's commonly seen
Abnormally large drop in systolic blood pressure (more than 10 mmHg) during inspiration
200
High risk/major poor prognostic signs of acute pericarditis (give 3)
Fever >38 C, Subacute onset, Large pericardial effusion, Cardiac tamponade, Lack of response to ASA or NSAIDs within a week
Minor - myopericarditis, immunosuppression, trauma, oral anticoagulant therapy
300
This type of plaque is three times more likely to be found in patients with HIV
NONcalcified plaques
300
A drug of abuse which has been most associated with coronary dissection, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic cardiomyopathy via increased cardiomyocyte induction of apoptosis
Methamphetamine
300
The first Korotkoff sound is auscultated during which breathing cycle in tamponade
Expiration
300
Deep Y descent seen, no normalization seen after effusion drainage
Effusive-constrictive pericarditis
300
1st line therapy of acute pericarditis (with standard doses)
NSAIDs
1. ASA 750-1000 mg Q8h x 1-2 weeks - taper
2. Ibuprofen 600-800 mg Q8h x 1-2 weeks - taper
+ colchicine 0.6 mg BID (if >70 kg) x 3 months - then reconsider
400
This screening method for cardiovascular disease is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with HIV
Carotid intima-media thickness
400
This condition is seen in young males within days to weeks of using E cigarettes presenting with dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, cough, fever, gastrointestinal symptoms and ground-glass opacities on chest x-ray.
E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI)
400
Both tamponade and constriction show equalization of left and right filling pressures, but this jugular venous sign is typically absent in tamponade and present in constriction
Kussmaul’s sign
400
Finding
Intrathoracic-intracardiac dissociation (Inspiration reduced left sided filling gradient compared with the increased gradient with expiration as the fall intrathoracic pressure is transmitted to the pulmonary veins but poorly to the LV)
400
Four stages of ECG changes in acute pericarditis
1. PR depression and/or diffuse ST segment elevation
2. Normalization of ST segment
3. T wave inversion with or without ST segment depression
4. Normalization
500
Coinfection with this virus is associated with coronary artery calcification and carotid intima-media thickening in patients with HIV
CMV
500
Energy drinks have been implicated as culprits behind MI via this mechanism
Platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid activation (accept any one)
500
On echocardiography, these two chamber collapses appear early in tamponade—name each chamber and the timing within the cardiac cycle
Early diastolic RV collapse and late diastolic (early systolic) RA collapse
500
Finding
Enhanced ventricular interdependence
500
An IL-1a and IL1-b cytokine trap, recently shown to be beneficial in recurrent pericarditis
Rilonacept