Types of Viruses
This part of the virion provides an extra layer of protection, but can be destroyed inside of the stomach or with hydrophobic substances like soap.
This is the stage of the viral life cycle that vaccines inhibit.
What is entry?
The vaccine for this virus was developed by exposing a child to the pathogen repeatedly.
What is smallpox?
This is used in Western blots to bind to proteins and visualize protein amounts.
What are antibodies?
This branch of the immune response is tuned to specific antigens.
What is the adaptive immune response?
This type of virus replicates in the nucleus.
What is a DNA virus?
This protein is targeted by antivirals preventing incorporation of viral genomes (proviruses) into the host genome.
What is an integrase?
This is a reason outbreaks spread quickly today.
What is easy travel or increased connectedness?
This technique is used to determine how effectively an antibody binds an antigen.
What is ELISA?
This immune cell can "eat" other cells or foreign material.
What is a macrophage?
This type of virus has an extremely high mutation rate.
What is retrovirus (or HIV)?
This type of protein is targeted by an antiviral that stops cleavage of the viral polyprotein.
What is a protease?
This is the reason we needs vaccines every year for flu or coronavirus
What is antigenic drift?
This technique is used to measure the infectivity of lytic viruses.
What is a plaque assay?
This type of cell is an adaptive immune cell that is capable of killing infected cells.
What is a T-cell?
Norovirus infects this part of the body.
What is the GI tract (intestine, colon)?
This is the percentage of drugs that make it through the clinical pipeline.
What is 10%?
This type of protein in the Spanish flu virus was identified as main reason for it's severity.
What are structural proteins?
In a focus forming assay, this control is the sample with cells infected with virus and no drug treatment.
What is the positive control?
These cells are important in generating an allergic response.
What are basophils or mast cells?
This specific virus replicates in DMVs at the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is coronavirus?
This antiviral gets incorporated into the viral genome during transcription and prevents other nucleotides from being added.
What is a nucleotide analog?
This is the outbreak that was documented by Greek historian Thucydides.
What is the plague of Athens?
This is what the focus forming assay directly measures.
What are virions inside of cells?
This host cell receptor interacts with CD4 or CD8 T-cells.
What is a MHC receptor?