Virus Basics
What type of genetic material can a virus have?
DNA or RNA, though mostly RNA
Which type of viral infection causes the host cell to burst?
Answer: Lytic infection
Prokaryotes lack what structure that eukaryotic cells have?
Nucleus
Name a viral disease that attacks the immune system.
Answer: HIV/AIDS
What do heterotrophic bacteria use for energy?
Answer: Organic compounds
What is the protein coat of a virus called?
Answer: Capsid
What do you call viral DNA that integrates into a host’s genome and remains dormant?
Answer: Prophage
What process allows prokaryotes to reproduce asexually?
Answer: Binary fission
Which bacterial disease destroys lung tissue and spreads through respiratory droplets?
Tuberculosis (TB)
Which bacteria can use light for energy but also consume organic compounds?
Answer: Photoheterotrophs
Which scientist first named these particles "viruses"?
Martinus Beijerinck
HIV is an example of what type of virus that converts RNA to DNA?
Answer: Retrovirus
Name the three main shapes of bacteria.
Answer: Bacilli, Cocci, Spirilla
Which bacterial toxin can cause severe food poisoning?
Answer: Botulism toxin
Name a bacteria that uses photosynthesis to produce energy.
Answer: Cyanobacteria
What is an optional outer membrane found in some viruses called?
Answer: Envelope
About what percent of viruses use RNA instead of DNA?
70%
What structure allows some bacteria to survive extreme conditions like heat or drought?
Answer: Endospore
What are misfolded proteins that damage nerve cells called?
Answer: Prions
Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in the presence of what?
Answer: Oxygen
Which scientist crystallized the tobacco mosaic virus, showing viruses are not alive?
Answer: Wendell Stanley
Name one environmental trigger that can activate a lysogenic virus.
Answer: Radiation, chemicals, or heat
What is the exchange of genetic material via a pilus called?
Answer: Conjugation
Name an emerging viral disease that spreads due to global travel.
Answer: Ebola or SARS
Name a bacteria that converts nitrogen gas into ammonia usable by plants.
Answer: Nitrosomonas