What is..the outermost protein covering of a virus
100
describe the basic structure of a virus
What is.. a core of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein,lacks cytoplasm, is not a cell
100
Kind of virus HIV is referred to as
What is...retrovirus
100
Which of these is not a virus: Influenza, Hepatitis, HIV, Strep Throat, or SARS
What is...Strep throat
100
What diseases do 'transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) include?
What is.. scrapie in sheep, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease)
200
Define Helper-T Cells
What is..A class of white blood cells that initiates both the cell-mediated immune response and the humoral immune response; are also targets of the AIDS virus
200
Name the two simple shapes of most viruses
What is.. Helical or Icosahedral
200
The virus primarily infects what cells
What is..CD4+T cells
200
What virus caused a sudden outbreak of a deadly pneumonia in the southwestern United States in 1993 and is a single-stranded RNA virus associated with rodents
What is.. hantavirus
200
What are some ways that TSEs can be transmitted?
What is.. tissue transplants, tainted food, and injecting infected brain tissue into a recipient animal's brain
300
Define CD4+ Cells
What is.. A subtype of helper T cell that is identified by the presence of the CD$ protein on its surface; also targeted by the HIV virus
300
When viruses get inside host cells what happens?
What is..hijack the transcription and translation systems to produce viral proteins from early genes, then middle to late genes, leading to replication.
300
The most successful form of treatment
What is... Combination Therapy
300
What is a respiratory infection with pneumonia-like symptoms and is most likely from civets (weasel-like mammal)
What is.. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
300
What are prions?
What is.. infectious proteinaceous particles
400
Define SARS
What is.. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; respiratory infection with an 8% mortality rate that is caused by a coronavirus
400
What kind of parasites are viruses
What is.. Obligate Intracellular
400
describe why vaccine development is unsuccessful
What is..mutation, need for a vaccine with strong cellular immune response/ prevent infection.
400
What 'type' of flu virus causes the serious flu epidemics in humans as well as in birds and other mammals?
What is.. Type A flu virus
400
Which two British researchers said that TSE preparations remained infectious even after exposure to radiation (which would destroy DNA or RNA)
What is.. John Stanley Griffith and Tikvah Alper
500
Define Helical
What is..a virus structure having a rodlike or threadlike appearence
500
Why can't viruses replicate outside of a cell?
Viruses lack ribosomes and the enzymes necessary for protein synthesis and most, if not all of the enzymes for nucleic acid replication.
500
The four target aspects being targeted by AIDS therapy
What is.. Viral entry, Genome replication, Integration of viral DNA, and maturation of HIV proteins.
500
What are viruses that originate in one organism and then pass to another and cause disease called?
What is.. emerging viruses
500
What two things act as hereditary material, that transmits information from one generation to the next?