communicable vs non communicable
3 ways communicable disease is directly passed around
1) mother to unborn child
2) droplet spread
3) intimate contact
which of the following has the least risk for zoonotic disease transmission?
1) petting zoos
2) sharing food with a wild animal
3) having a domesticated pet at home
domesticated pet because they require shots
primarily attacks the nervous system by a bullet shaped virus
rabies
what are 3 non communicable diseases?
anything genetic
diabetes
most cancers
tetanus
3 examples of vectors that can carry disease
2) ticks
3) fleas
4) sandflies
apoptosis
how does sars cov 2 evade the immune system of the host body?
sugar coating on the spike proteins
causes paralysis and many children required iron lung machine
polio
is e. coli contamination of food and water communicable or non communicable?
communicable
3 ways to indirectly pass around a communicable disease
food and water
fomites
aerosols
animal bites
vectors
Cells that are infected or dying release chemicals that trigger an response. this is called ________
inflammation
this test amplifies and makes copies of any genetic information found so it can be accurately identified. this test can be used for any virus
PCR
created the first rabies vaccine
Louis Pasteur
a virus that replicates in a cell and then bursts out all at once thus killing the host
naked virus
why is aerosol transmission harder to contain than droplet transmission?
aerosol is much smaller and is released from breathing in any space. it remains in the air much longer
droplets fall to the ground eventually, properly cough or sneeze into tissue or elbow to prevent spread. this is why there was the 6 feet apart regulation. covid 19 mostly spreads by droplets
coronaviruses are a group of viruses. some types of coronavirus can cause common colds. Another type of virus that causes colds are _______
rhinoviruses
tests for any antibody found in the blood. can be used for any pathogen test.
serology test
transmitted from bat to horse to human
Hendra virus
where do enveloped viruses get their outer covering?
from budding out of the cell membrane one at a time - taking a bit of the cell membrane with it as a covering.
what does fomite transmission mean?
contagious over surfaces.
eg: pink eye, flu
first required mass variolation in the US was ...
during the Revolutionary War and was ordered by George Washington who had smallpox himself as a young man. his actions led to troops being immunized and won battles.
test that looks for particular cell surface markers on any type of pathogen
antigen test
this disease travels via the fecal oral route and is a naked virus
polio
_________ caused a bad batch of _______ vaccine to be distributed. Led to strict regulations on labs.
The Cutter Incident
The Cutter Labs accidentally put live virus into polio vaccines.