The Six TWR Principles
TWR's method rests on this number of basic principles.
What is six?
This student's statement, "Well, I thought I knew what I thought. Now I’m not so sure anymore," exemplifies the value of this type of learning.
What is student-led dialogic learning (or collaborative discussion)?
Sixth-grade teacher Patricia Dinh uses independent reading to build students' reading habits and this, which is crucial for comprehension.
What is background knowledge?
With an effect size of 0.75, this practice involves clear learning intentions and success criteria.
What is Teacher Clarity?
The National Reading Panel identified these five essential components of reading instruction.
What are phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension?
This principle states that you shouldn't wait for students to master one strategy before moving to another
What is the method being recursive? (From Principle 2)
This discussion protocol involves a small group in the center while others observe and take notes.
What is a fishbowl discussion?
The optimal state of cognitive engagement, a balance between skill and challenge, is known as this.
What is flow?
This instructional approach, with an effect size of 0.59, is essential for developing surface-level knowledge through modeling and scaffolding.
What is Direct Instruction?
This type of skill, like phonemic awareness, has a limit or boundary to what must be learned.
What is a constrained skill?
According to Principle 3, writing instruction is most powerful when embedded in this.
What is the content of the curriculum?
Pearson and Johnson's taxonomy includes these three types of questions: Text Explicit, Text Implicit, and this.
What is Script Implicit?
This strategy, with an effect size of 0.67, involves reading a passage multiple times to build oral fluency.
What is repeated reading?
When a teacher explains their expert thinking aloud, using "I" statements, they are using this technique
What is a think-aloud?
The SOLO taxonomy describes the movement from one idea, to many ideas, to related ideas, and finally to these.
What are extended ideas?
This principle argues that teaching grammar rules in isolation doesn't work; it's best taught in context.
What is Principle 5?
In a "Conversation Roundtable," students take notes in four quadrants and then synthesize their thoughts here
What is the center (or rhombus) of the paper?
The "Recht & Leslie" baseball study showed that students with high topical knowledge but low reading skills performed nearly as well as skilled readers, proving the power of this.
What is prior knowledge (or background knowledge)?
These are what students are supposed to learn each day, phrased in student-friendly language.
What are learning intentions?
This phase of writing development is characterized by using sophisticated text structures and more complex sentences
What is the transitional writer phase?
These two phases are identified as the most important in the writing process.
What are planning and revising? (Principle 6)
This theorist's concept of the "Zone of Proximal Development" is a root of collaborative learning.
Who is Vygotsky?
These are the three indicators of quality independent learning tasks: promoting metacognition, goal-setting, and this.
What is self-regulation?
This dimension of teacher clarity involves using examples and guided practice to move students toward independence.
What is "Clarity of examples and guided practice"? (From Fendick's dimensions)
In a visible learning classroom, students who know what to do when they don't know what to do are known as this
What are assessment-capable visible learners?