Log Fallac/Rhet dev/vocab/appeals/auth purp/theme

Logical Fallacies and Rhetorical Devices

100

advertising may urge you to buy something because "everyone" has one already

What is bandwagon?

200

They could be attacking the speaker, rather than the argument

What is ad hominem?

300

Definition:

used in everyday speech as a means of conveying opposing ideas in a concise and expressive way. 

ex/

• Hope for the best; prepare for the worst.
• Keep your friends close; keep your enemies closer.

What is antithesis?

The words best/worst

and friends and enemies

400

Definition:

 compares two unlike things with the purpose of both illustrating a comparison and explaining it.

 ex/ The human eye is similar to a camera. It has a lens and can focus on things near and far.

What is an analogy?

500

Definition: claims one event or action will lead to another, more extreme event or action 

ex/

• If you don’t take honors courses, you won’t get into a good college. 

What is slippery slope?

My Appeal is?

100

For your mom, you argue that video games improve hand-eye coordination and studies have shown that video games improve problem-solving ability and critical thinking.

 

What is logos?

200

• I'm not just invested in this community — I love every building, every business, every hard-working member of this town.

What is pathos?

300

• My three decades of experience in public service, my tireless commitment to the people of this community, and my willingness to reach across the aisle and cooperate with the opposition make me the ideal candidate for your mayor.

What is ethos?

400

• Ladies and gentlemen of the jury: We have not only the fingerprints, the lack of an alibi, a clear motive, and an expressed desire to commit the robbery, but we also have video of the suspect breaking in. The case could not be more open and shut.

What is logos?

500

• Based on the dozens of archaeological expeditions I've made all over the world, I am confident that those potshards are Mesopotamian in origin.

What is ethos?

What's Your Meaning?

100

1. "The company suffered a detriment when they agreed to dissolve the sought-after contract clause."

The word DETRIMENT
MOST NEARLY means:

1. (adj.) Careful with money; Thrifty; Not costly
2. (v.) To reduce to the smallest possible amount; To downplay or de-emphasize
3. (v.) To feel or show deep respect for, especially due to age or tradition; To honor
4. (n.) Harm, loss, something that causes damage, depreciation, or loss

What is D? 

• (n.) Harm, loss, something that causes damage, depreciation, or loss

200

She was mooing like a cow and crowing like a chicken before we realized that her medication was having a(n) _____ effect on her.

Which word BEST COMPLETES this sentence?

1. ADVERSE
2. CONTEMPORARY
3. ENCOMPASS
4. MANIPULATE

What is adverse?

300

Because the king has many bountiful oil wells, he is one of the richest men on the planet.

The word BOUNTIFUL
MOST NEARLY means:

1. (adj.) Showing abundance; Graciously generous
2. (n.) A person in disguise; (adj.) Having one's identity concealed or under disguise; (adv.) With the real identity concealed
3. (n.) An excessive supply or amount; (v.) To fill beyond capacity, to overfeed
4. (v.) To reduce to the smallest possible amount; To downplay or de-emphasize

What is C? 

• (n.) An excessive supply or amount; (v.) To fill beyond capacity, to overfeed

400

_{How pleasant it was to linger in the café on a Sunday morning, admiring the updated decor and savoring the sweet, dark coffee!”}

 _{In each of the following sentences the underlined word has roughly the same denotation as the word savoring: “experiencing the taste of something.” In which sentence does the underlined word have a connotation closest to that of savoring? Base your answer on context clues.}

_{A. Relishing every bite, Jan ate slowly.}

_{B. Tasting garlic in the sauce, Joe stopped eating.}

_{C. Joe smiled as he gulped down his dessert, enjoying the chocolatey flavor.}

_{D. The cook reviewed the menu, sampling every dish to make sure it was acceptable.}

What is (A) Relishing every bite, Jan ate slowly?

500

“By the time I boarded the bus, the flyer was moving a little more shakily, fluttering from passenger to passenger, hovering unsteadily beside the ear of each one.”

 _{In this sentence, the word shakily is a derivation of the base word shake, formed when the  suffix -ly is added. What part of speech does the addition of -ly make shakily, and how do you know?}

_{A. It is an adverb, shown by the fact that it describes how an action was performed.}

_{B. It is a noun, shown by the fact that it tells what performed an action.}

_{C. It is an adjective, shown by the fact that it describes a thing.}

_{D. It is a verb, shown by the fact that it names an action.}

What is (a) It is an adverb, shown by the fact that it describes how an action was performed?

Authors Purpose

100

At Easter, many parents want to buy baby bunnies for their children. Baby bunnies are cute, but rabbits are not always good pets. Many rabbits end up at animal shelters because people do not know how to care for them. This year, the Rabbit Rescue Team has an idea. We are asking parents to buy stuffed bunnies for Easter, instead of real rabbits! Please visit your toy store instead of your pet store!

What is the author's purpose?

a. to persuade

b. to inform

c. to entertain

d. to describe

What is to persuade?

200

Katrina and her brother Jesse were playing with the water hose outside one day. Jesse ran to the house to hide from Katrina so she wouldn't squirt him with the water. The back door opened, and Katrina pointed the water hose toward the door ready to squirt Jesse. To Katrina's surprise it was Mom who was now dripping wet!

What is the author's purpose?

a. to persuade

b. to inform

c. to entertain

d. to describe

What is to entertain?

300

First be sure to check the date on the bread. Then take out the peanut butter, jelly and a knife. Then, take the knife and put it into the peanut butter and then spread it on one side of each piece of bread. Next, take the jelly and spread it on one of the slices on top of the peanut butter. Now it's time to put one slice on top of the other. You can cut the sandwich either in half or in quarters.

The author wrote this piece to...

a. entertain

b. persuade

c. convince

d. inform

What is to inform?

400

<sub>Under a blazing African sun a female warthog, a kind of wild pig, kneels on a grassy plain. With her wide snout the warthog digs grass roots and eats them while her two piglets stand nearby. Scrambling onto the mother's back, birds called oxpeckers eat bloodsucking ticks and other insects that feed on the warthog's skin.

Suddenly the oxpeckers raise their beaks and hiss. A lion dashes from its hiding place toward them. The birds scatter, and the mother warthog, alerted to danger, grunts loudly. Her piglets squeal and scurry away.</sub>

_{Why does the author open the passage in this way?}

_{a. To draw the reader in}

_{b. To describe the warthog}

_{c. To personify the warthog}

_{d. To entertain the reader}

 

What is to draw the reader in? (A)

500

_{When cornered by predators, warthogs will attack with their sharp lower tusks, which can measure 6 inches (15 centimeters) long. Older warthogs have long curved upper tusks that can grow as long as 2 feet (61 centimeters). These too serve as weapons. Warthogs are generally peaceful, but sometimes a male may attack another male during mating season. The snarling attacker, with his mane and tail erect, charges into his opponent's lowered head. The fleshy, wartlike bumps that cover male warthogs' heads may cushion the blows.}

_{Why does the author describe the Warthog's tusks?}

_{a. To help the reader picture the warthog}

_{b. To lead into a description of how the warthog fights and defends itself}

_{c. To show how the warthog is different from other animals}

_{d. explain what the warthog's main feature looks like}

 

What is to lead into a description of how the warthog fights and defends itself? (b)

Theme

100

_{The Ant and the Grasshopper}

_{In a field one summer's day a Grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its heart's content. An Ant passed by, bearing along with great toil an ear of corn he was taking to the nest. "Why not come and chat with me," said the Grasshopper, "instead of toiling and moiling in that way?" "I am helping to lay up food for the winter," said the Ant, "and recommend you to do the same." "Why bother about winter?" said the Grasshopper; we have got plenty of food at present." But the Ant went on its way and continued its toil. When the winter came the Grasshopper had no food and found itself dying of hunger, while it saw the ants distributing every day corn and grain from the stores they had collected in the summer. Then the Grasshopper knew.}

_{What is the theme of this story?}

_{a. Strength in unity}

_{b. Question people's intentions}

_{c. Work now and play later}

_{d. Don't put off for tomorrow what you can do today}

What is (D) Don't put off for tomorrow what you can do today?

200

What is the theme of the passage below?

Tim hated his old baseball glove. He wanted to play with a new glove, but he didn't have any money, so he decided to steal it. But when Tim got caught stealing the glove, his parents said he couldn't play baseball all summer.

a. Tim wanted a new glove.

b. Stealing is a good idea.

c. If you want something, you should work for it.

d. Tim lost his privilege of playing baseball.

What is (C) if you want something, you should work for it?

300

_{Consider the passage and theme.}

_{Liam's first job at the fast-food chain was not glamorous. He worked early-morning shifts, loading biscuits into ovens and dipping countless batches of hash-browned potatoes into vats of grease. Every day he encountered harried, impolite customers and complaining coworkers; nevertheless, he maintained a positive outlook. Liam methodically completed his duties: wrapping sandwiches, filling orders, and cleaning his work space. Liam's manager appreciated his diligence, and by his third month of employment, he was no longer assigned to the pre-dawn shift. Within a year, Liam was an assistant manager earning double his initial pay.}

_{Theme One: Every job is worth doing well.}

_{What other theme is addressed in the passage?}

_{a. Saving money leads to financial freedom.}

_{b. Customers should know their rights.}

_{c. Hard work is often rewarded.}

_{d. Cleanliness fosters good health.}

What is (C) Hard work is often rewarded?

400

_{Little drops of water,}

_{Little grains of sand,}

_{Make the mighty ocean}

_{And the pleasant land.}

_{Thus the little minutes,}

_{Humble though they be,}

_{Make the mighty ages}

_{Of eternity.}

_{"Little Things" shares a message with readers. Which choice best represents that message?}

_{a. The minutes tick by slowly}

_{b. Never underestimate the power of a child}

_{c. Drops of water and grains of sand are very small}

_{d. The small things are as important as the big things}

What is (D) The small things are as important as the big things?

500

_{One day a monkey went to the nest of his Goose and found there an egg all yellow and glittering. When he took it up it was as heavy as lead and he was going to throw it away, because he thought a trick had been played upon him. But, on second thought, he took it home and soon found to his delight that it was an egg of pure gold. Every morning the same thing occurred, and he soon became rich by selling his eggs. As he grew rich he grew greedy; and thinking to get at once all the gold the Goose could give, he killed it and opened it only to find nothing.}

_{What is the moral of this story?}

_{a. Be wary of flatterers.}

_{b. Do not attempt the impossible.}

_{c. Treat others as you would like to be treated.}

_{d. Appreciate what you have.}

What is D?  Appreciate what you have.