Levels of Prevention
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
What is primary intervention
A specific event, condition, or characteristic that precedes the health outcome and is necessary for its occurrence
What is cause
There is a close association between the triangle of epidemiology and the…
What is the chain of infection
The cause of the disease
What is the agent
An object such as a piece of clothing, a door handle, or a utensil that can harbor an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission
Formite
Requires behavior change on the part of the individual
What is active primary prevention
A behavior, environmental exposure, or inherent human characteristic that is associated with an important health condition
What is risk factor
Disease transmission occurs when the pathogen leaves the reservoir (e.g.,food, water, feces) through a
What is a port of exit
A human or an animal that is susceptible to the disease (e.g., health care workers, patients, unvaccinated individuals)
What is a host
An invertebrate animal (e.g.,tick, mite, mosquito, bloodsucking fly) that transmits infection by conveying the infectious agent from one host to another
What is a vector
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual
What is passive primary prevention
The study of distribution and determinants of health-related states in population
What is epidemiology
The pathogen or disease-causing agent enters the body through a
What is a port of entry
Includes those surroundings and conditions external to the human or animal that cause or allow disease transmission
What is the environment
the habitat (living or nonliving) in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, multiplies, and on which it depends for its survival in nature
What is reservoir
Aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease
What is secondary prevention
Involves finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events
What is analytical epidemiology
Once a pathogen leaves its reservoir, it follows its mode of transmission to a
What is a host
The interrelatedness of four epidemiological factors often contributed to an outbreak of a disease:
the role of the host; the agent or disease causing organism; the environmental circumstances needed for a disease to thrive, survive, and spread; and time-related issues.
A nonliving intermediary such as a fomite, food, or water that conveys the infectious agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host.
What is a vehicle
Consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage
What is tertiary prevention
Involves characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events
What is descriptive epidemiology
occurs when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host, resulting in disease
What is indirect transmission
In the epidemiological triangle model of infectious disease causation, the environment allows the agent and host to what?
What is interact
Contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism
What is a carrier