1-5
the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group.
culture
political disorder
anarchy
a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control.
colony
the independence of a state combined with the right and power to regulate itself without foreign interference
national soverignity
sun-centered; the system of the universe in which the Earth and planets revolve around the sun
heliocentric
believing in one God.
monotheism
painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints
fresco
declare invalid.
annul
a system in which a ruler holds total power.
absolutism
Earth-centered; a system of planetary motion in which the sun, moon, and other planets revolve around the Earth
geocentric
believing in multiple gods
polytheism
everyday speech in a particular area
vernacular
The state of being saved (that is, going to heaven) through faith alone or faith and good works
salvation
Japan’s outcast class whose way of life was strictly regulated by the Tokugawa
eta
an administrative organization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures
bureaucracy
citizens have a right to vote
republic
religious indifference
secularization
A release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death
indulgence
“great names”; the head of noble families in Japan who controlled vast landed estates and relied on samurai for protection
daimyo
a policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations
isolationism
political disorder
anarchy
a leader in the Spanish conquest of the Americas
conquistador
a fleet of warships
armada
a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century; it held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver
mercantilism
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers
enlightened absolutism