the basis of Culture
reflex
Automatic reaction to physical stimuli
status
a position a person occupies
within a social structure
group
at least two people who have
one or more goals in common
and share common ways of
thinking and behaving
peer group
set of individuals of roughly
the same age and interests
drive
Impulse to reduce discomfort
urbanization
the shifting of population from
farms and villages to large cities
conflict
interaction aimed at defeating
an opponent
socialization
the process of learning to
participate in a group
culture
Knowledge, values, customs, and physical objects that are shared by the members of a society
social interaction
the process of influencing
each other as people relate
groupthink
self-deceptive thinking that is
based on conformity to group
beliefs, and created by group
pressure to conform
mass media
means of communication
designed to reach the general
population
folkways
Norms that lack moral significance
obligation
a behavior that individuals are
expected to perform toward
others
rationalization
the mind-set emphasizing
knowledge, reason, and
planning
play stage
Mead’s second stage in the
development of role taking;
children act in ways they
imagine other people would
ethnocentrism
Judging others in terms of one’s own cultural standards.
strain
condition in which the roles of
a single status are inconsistent
or conflicting
Bureaucracy
a formal organization based
on rationality and efficiency
anticipatory socialization
the voluntary process of
preparing to accept new
norms, values, attitudes,
and behaviors