this includes the operator, the promoter, and the genes they control
What is the operon?
100
the y-shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound
What is the replication fork?
100
the protein that switches an operon off when it binds to the operator
What is a repressor protein?
200
model of replication which shows that both parent strands are replicated resulting in a newly formed strand of DNA consisting of a template strand and complentary strand
What is semiconservative model?
200
this strand of DNA provides the pattern for the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript
What is the template strand?
200
the inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence
What is epigenetic inheritance?
200
the RNA chain which is the initial nucleotide chain that is produced during DNA synthesis
What is the primer?
200
this regulatory protein binds to DNA to transcribe genes once it is activated by cAMP
What is CAP (catabolite activator protein)?
300
enzymes that untwist the double helix at replication forks
What is helicase?
300
a crucial promoter DNA sequence
What is the TATA box?
300
the process by which cells become specialized in structure and function
What is cell differentiation?
300
DNA pol III continuously adds nucleotides as it goes along the template strand in the 5'-3' direction (since nucleotides can only be added to the 3') to make this DNA strand
What is the leading strand?
300
acetyl groups (-COCH3) are attend to lysines in histone tails; this enables transcription proteins to have easier access to transcribe genes in certain regions of the DNA
What is histone acetylation?
400
joins the sugar-phosphate backbones of all the Okazaki fragments into a continuous DNA strand
What is DNA ligase?
400
noncoding segments of nucleic acid which lie between coding regions are called intervening sequences or this
What are introns?
400
genes which direct the developmental processes; they control the pattern formation in the late embryo, larva, and adult
What are homeotic genes?
400
DNA pol III works away from the replication fork to elongate the newly formed lagging strand but in the process it is synthesized discontinuously forming these
What are Okazaki fragments?
400
giant protein complex which destroys unwanted proteins
What are proteasomes?
500
less compacted, more dispersed chromatin; "true" chromatin
What is euchromatin?
500
physical and chemical agents which interact with DNA in ways that cause mutations