City Solutions
A statement which presents the main ideas and opinion of a piece of work
thesis
The first sentence of a body paragraph, which gives the main idea of the paragraph (two words)
topic sentence
A modal verb used for hedging, like 'may' or 'could'
might
A linker used to introduce the logical result of something, like 'thus', 'so' and 'consequently'
therefore
An argument or set of reasons that you put forward to go against an idea or theory
counterargument
The process in which towns/cities are built and more and more people start to live and work there rather than in the countryside
urbanisation
The movement of people to a new country or area in order to find work or better living conditions
migration
Being the only one of its kind
unique
The money that you make in business or by selling things, especially after paying the costs involved
profit
Materials that are thrown away - collocates with 'toxic'
waste
The situation when there are too many people or things in one place
overcrowding
To sell and send goods to another country
export
Describing countries that are trying to make their industry and economic system more advanced
developing
Supplies of something that a country, an organisation etc. can use, especially to increase their wealth
resources
A measure of the CO2 produced by the activities of a person/company (2 words)
carbon footprint
An area where people live that is outside the centre of a city
suburb
The position/part that somebody has in a situation OR an actor's part in a film
role
Describing energy/resources that are replaced naturally or controlled carefully and can therefore be used without the risk of using everything up
renewable
A business model in which companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations instead of only considering economic profits (three words)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
The act of cutting down or burning the trees in an area
deforestation
Describing situations in which the amount of carbon dioxide produced has been balanced by actions that protect the environment (two words)
carbon neutral
A way of doing or thinking about something such as a problem or a task OR to come near to somebody/something in distance or time
approach
Affecting or involving a large number of people or things
mass
Describing a business owned and run by the people involved, with the profits shared by them
cooperative
A financial punishment for breaking a law, rule or contract
fine