vocabulary science topic 1.1

TOPIC 1.1

100

DNA---

deoxyribonucleic acid is genetic material that stores information

200

nucleotide

A nucleotide is one building block of DNA (deoxyribunocleic acid)

300

Nitrogenous base 

part of the structure of a nucleotide; nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)

400

Complementary bses

DNA bases match in fixed pairs: A-T always pairs together and G-C always pairs together

500

Chromosome 

DNA packed super tightly (easy to see when cells divide)

Topic 1.1

100

Chromatin

DNA in its usual "thread like" form in the nucleus (most of the time)

200

Homologous chromosomes

a matching pair of chromosomes (similar, but not exactly the same.)

300

gene 

A part of DNA that helps pass on traits.

400

Allele 

different form of the same gene

500

karyotype

a photograph of pairs of homologous chromosomes in a cell

topic 1.1

100

species

A group that can have babies that can also have babies

200

Population

same species+same place+same time=one population

before you leave

100

Describe the relationships among chromatin, a chromosome, DNA, and a gene.

• DNA is part of chromatin fibre

• chromatin condenses to form chromosomes

• chromosomes contain thousands of genes

• genes are sections of DNA with genetic information

200

Explain how the structure of DNA is related to how genetic material is passed from one generation to the next.

• replication makes an exact copy of DNA

• accuracy depends on DNA structure + complementary base pairing

• this helps genetic material get passed on

300

How are genes involved in the production of proteins?

• DNA instructions tell cells what proteins to make/how to make them

• the DNA sequence (gene) determines the amino acid order → makes a protein