Voice

structures

100

Typically bilateral, develop at junction of anterior and middle 2/3 of the vocal fold, hourglass glottic closure pattern

Vocal Fold Nodules

200

Can be caused by LPR, intubation, or phonotrauma, lesion typically noted on the anterior complex or on lateral wall of the posterior glottis

Contact Ulcer/Granuloma

300

Dysphonia related to inflammation of vocal fold mucosa, generalized bilateral edema of the vocal folds,

Laryngitis

400

Fluid accumulation in Reinke's space, edema is noted across the entire membranous vocal fold, often complete glottic closure

Reinke's Edema

500

Originates in the SLP, usually in the middle 1/3 of the membranous vocal fold, oftentimes hourglass closure pattern

Vocal Fold Polyps

Neurological

100

Unilateral lateral paralysis. SPEECH, SWALLOW, AIRWAY

Speech: breathy, aphonic

Swallow: dysphagia for liquids

Airway: no problem

200

Unilateral medial paralysis. SPEECH SWALLOW AIRWAY

Speech: reduced pitch range, hoarse

Swallow: No problem

Airway: Slightly reduced

300

Bilateral adductor paralysis. SPEECH SWALLOW AIRWAY

Speech: aphonic, unable to phonate

Swallow: dysphagia for liquids

Airway: no problem

400

bilateral abductor paralysis SPEECH SWALLOW AIRWAY

Speech: not able to inhale, no phonation

Swallow: no problem

Airway: stridor. need trach

500

What would you do to differentiate between vocal tremor, adsd, absd

Vocal tremor: prolonged vowel sound

ABSD: count 60-70, voiceless sounds

ADSD: count 80-90, voiced sounds

organic

100

Lesions caused by HPV, interference with glottic closure and vocal fold vibration depends on location and size of the lesion(s), managed procedurally/surgically

Laryngeal Papilloma

200

Pathologic tissue change identified with biopsy, hoarseness and strain are predominant voice quality characteristics, management depends on degree of spread

Dysplasia, laryngeal cancer

300

Majority occur at birth, often occurring at the anterior commissure; can cause dyspnea if obstructing glottal airway, managed surgically

Laryngeal Web

400

Furrowing of the SLP to varying degrees, common voice-related complaints include vocal fatigue and increased effort, requires surgical management however it is difficult to manage

Sulcus Vocalis

500

White plaque formation on the vocal fold(s) related to chronic irritation, rough/hoarse vocal quality, requires tissue testing to determine course of management

Leukoplakia

Anatomy

100

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

• Cricothyroid  

• Posterior cricoarytenoid  

• Interarytenoids  

• Lateral cricoarytenoid  

• Thyroidarytenoid  

200

Function of the PCA

Abducting vocal folds  

300

What muscles are the most responsible for changing pitch 

1. Cricothyroid  

2. Thyroidarytenoid  

400

name the laryngeal structures (all 7)

1. hyoid bone

2. epiglottis

3. thyroid

4. cricoid

5. arytenoid

6. cuneiform

7. corniculate

500

What muscles are responsible for adduction

Interarytenoid- adducts posterior glottis

lateral cricoarytenoid- adducts vocal processes

thyroarytenoid- adducts the membranous vocal folds

random

100

Mucus or fluid-filled lesion on the mid-membranous vocal fold

Vocal Fold Cyst

200

Fungal infection that results in leukoplakia on the vocal folds and/or surrounding structures; incomplete glottic closure 2/2 edema and irregular vocal edges, managed medically

Candida/Candida Laryngitis

300

3 ways to stop voicing

• VF adduction OR abduction (make sure to list both) 

• Occlusion of the vocal tract (lip closure) 

• Disrupting airflow (cessation of exhalation/stop breathing out) 

400

Layers of the vocal fold (body and cover)

Body: 

• Vocalis muscle  

• Deep lamina propria 

• Intermediate lamina propria 

Cover: 

• Epithelium  

• Superficial lamina propria  

500

what cartilage makes up the epiglottis and what cartilage makes up the thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids. What is the difference?

Epiglottis: elastic cartilage, does not ossify

Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids: hyaline cartilage, ossifies with age