Voice
What is fundamental frequency?
-determines by vocal effective
-length+ density
-primary factors = laryngeal size + height
-secondary factors+ muscle strength
What is the purpose of the larynx?
-provide conduit for air
-protects airway + VF
-phonation
What is the difference between presbylaryngis and presbyphonia?
presbylaryngis- VF atrophy
presbyphonia- VF quality change
What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory?
explicit: episodic(personal) + semantic (factual)
implicit: procedural + perceptual
What is short term memory?
-limited in the amount of info it can hold
span, chunking, working memory
What are the the 2 extrinsic muscles that move the whole larynx?
-elevator: supra hyoid (up+A/P)
-depressor: infra hyoid (hyolaryngeal down)
What are some vocal stresses that affect acoustics?
1. oscillation
2.mechanical- longitudinal +dynamic stretching
3. osmotic- dry mouth, mouth breathing
4. inflammatory agents= allergens, dust
How does a infant's larynx differ from an adult?
Respiratory: smaller lungs, smaller muscles, high F0 because kids are loud.
What is sensory memory?
first see/hear something
pattern recognition, iconic memory, echoic
What are the Luria Model's components?
-Anticipation: setting realistic expectations
-planning: organization
-execution: maintaining set of items in memory
-self-monitoring: emotional reg
fist palm edge, reciprocal motor test
Name 5 intrinsic muscles and what they do.
1.Thyroarytenoid: adducts.
-muscularis- shortens, lowers voice, low tension-vocalis- increased tension
2.Lateral criciarytenoid: adducts
-rotates arytenoid medially
3.Posterior cricoarytenoid: Abducts
-diagonally toward midline
4. Thyroarytenoid: Adducts
-transverse- one broad sheet
-oblique- base to top of arytenoid
5.cricothyroid *only on outer surface of larynx
-pars recta +oblique
How do you treat presbyphonia?
-botox
-VF exercises such as: push/pull, exuberant voice therapy, and phorte
What therapies are used for paralysis/paresis?
resonant voice: reduce strain + over compensation
vocal function exercises
1. Arousal: able to understand what's going on
Alerting: state of active attention
Vigilance: voluntary state of alertness
2. Orienting
Selecting
3.Executive Control/Supervision
What are the components of the Lizard Model?
-Volition:self awareness
-Planning: organization of stress needed
-Purpose action: intention ->productive activity
-Effective performance:carrying out what's proposed
Polyps: bilateral or unilateral fluid filled. ( like a blister)
Cysts:Unilateral, round, fluid filled
What therapies are used for muscle tension dysphonia?
-VF phonation (humm, laugh)
-massage
-resonant voice therapy
-yawn (reduces tension)
-semi- occluded vocal tract
What are the 3 easy vocal onset therapies? & define them.
1.chant talking:use rhythmic, prosodic pattern to reduce phonatory effort.
2.accent method:helps breathe support, reduce muscle tension, improve vibratory pattern
3.confidential voice: easy, quiet, breathy voice (like whispering)
What are the clinical taxonomy of attention? Provide examples for each.
-Focused: oriented + responding
-Sustained: focus on one or more task at the same time
-Selective: focus on one stimuli while ignoring another stimuli
-Alternating: switch back and forth
-Divided: process 2 or more stimuli
Sonlber +Mateer=Clinical mode of ef
Give examples of the following: Initiation, Response Inhibition, Organization, Task persistence, Generative thinking, Awareness
Initiation: Go to store because no food
Response Inhibition:buy necessary items
Organization: use a list
Task persistence:got all items off list
Generative thinking: if no milk. what else?
Awareness: understanding what's available
Tell me about the recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve.
-recurrent laryngeal nerve: Intrinsic muscles
longer on the left than right
-superior laryngeal nerve: sensory innervation up to the VF
What are the 2 vocal fold muscles and what do they do?
Thyrovocalis: stiffen the VF
Thyromuscularis: adducts & shortens VF(laterally)
What are the spaces of the larynx? (4)
Vestibule, ventricle, Glottis, Infraglottic space
What are the 4 components of Miyakes Unity+ Diversity Model?
1. Inhibition input
2. updating motor incoming info
3. Shifting b/t tasks
4. EF maintenance of goal
What are the 3 types of Dementia. Explain them.
1.Alzheimer’s Disease: Caused by neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques
Primary deficits: Short term memory loss, planning& problem solving, Spatial awareness, decreased judgement, etc.
2.Vascular Dementia: Caused by Stroke
Primary deficits: Memory impairments, cognitive and functional impairments.
3. FTD-bv: No Alzheimer Pathology. Genetic
Primary deficits: Poor judgement, Loss of empathy, speech difficulties, lack of inhibition, etc.