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Development
Anatomy
Anatomy cont.
Assessment
Assmt. cont.
100
  • When does the larynx develop in utero?
  • By the end of the first trimester
100
  • What does the nasopharynx do during swallowing?
  • Closes to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity
100
  • What happens at the first of a continuous utterance?
  • Lung volume is great, lung walls are maximally distended, the thoracic cavity is prevented from falling, and external intercostals are contracted.
100
  • What are the causes of voice disorders?
  • Neurological problems, lifestyle habits, medication, psychological problems, systemic diseases, physical injury, digestive disorders, and respiratory disorders.
100
  • What is included in the auditory perceptual evaluation?

Phonatory respiratory efficiency

Vocal range

Rating scales

Physical endurance testing

Laryngeal function testing

200
  • What are some structural changes seen in puberty that affect speech?
  • Larynx drops to C6 or C7
  • Thyroid angle changes to 120 degrees in females and 90 degrees in males
  • Vocal fold lengthen with a 34% increase in females and 63% increase in males.
  • Growth in posterior region of vocal tract
  • Lamina propria develops 3 layers, thickening the vocal folds.
200
  • What is the purpose of the laryngopharynx?
  • Serves as a common passageway for food and air
200
  • True/False: Superficial layer of the lamina propria is also known as Reinke’s space?
  • True
200
  • Who makes up the core team for treating voice disorders?
  • Otolaryngologist, speech language pathologist, patient, and caregiver/parent
200
  • What are some instrumental measures?
  • Indirect or direct laryngoscopy, endoscopy, video stroboscopy, acoustic analysis, electro-glottography, aerodynamic measures, and laryngeal electromyography
300
  • What is the length of the vocal folds at birth?
  • About 2.5mm
300
  • What are the functions of the larynx?
  • Provide patent airway
  • To act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels (airway protection and coughing)
  • Fixation of the chest
  • To function in voice production/emotional expression
300
  • What is the airtight membrane that encase the lungs?
  • Visceral pleura
300
  • What is the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health? (ICF)
  • Framework for describing and organizing information of functioning and disability. It provides a standard language and conceptual basis for the definition and measurement of health and disability.
  • Includes the categories of body functions and structures and activities and participation
300
  • What are the indirect approaches to behavioral voice therapy?
  • What are direct approaches to voice therapy?
  • What are some holistic approaches to voice therapy?

Indirect

  • Help patients understand relevant aspects of voice production such as
  • Vocal hygiene
  • Patient education
  • Hydration – 8 glasses of water a day
  • Eliminate gastric reflux
  • Voice rest
  • Relaxation and massage

Direct

  • Biofeedback
  • Increased respiratory support
  • Chant talk
  • Effortful closure
  • Yawn-sigh, easy onset, chewing

Holistic

  • Accent method
  • Resonant voice therapy
  • Confidential voice therapy
  • Semi-occluded vocal tract
  • Vocal function exercises VFE
  • Voice therapy boot camp – intensive short term
400
  • What is the difference between infant’s lamina propria and an adult’s?
  • Lamina propria in an infant only has one layer and no differentiated ligament. Two layers will not appear until between the ages of 6 and 12.
400
  • The lamina propria superficial is part of what?
  • The cover and Reinke’s space
400
  • What is immediately deep to the epithelium?
  • Lamina propria
400
  • What are the three levels of prevention?
  • Primary – eliminate or prevent onset
  • Secondary – early detection and treatment
  • Tertiary – restore function to the extent possible
400
  • What is the best technique to evaluate the glottal wave during phonation?
  • Stroboscopy
500

What are some age related changes in structure that affect voice?

  • Increased ossification of cartilages, joint degeneration, muscle fibers deteriorate, epithelium thickens, lamina propria thickens, folds become irregular
500
  • Is the vocalis muscle part of the body or part of the cover?
  • The body
500
  • The lamina propria intermediate is part of what?
  • Vocal ligament
500
  • What do you want to know from the case history for adults?
  • What do you want to know from the case history for children?

Adults:

  • Voice history
  • Voice symptoms
  • Physical symptoms
  • Medical history
  • Occupational voice demands
  • Lifestyle considerations


What do you want to know from the case history for children?

  • Voice history
  • Voice symptoms
  • Developmental history
  • Medical history
  • Social development
500
  • What are some medicines that can cause musical drying and affect voice?
  • Antihistamines, antitussives, antihypertensives, antisecretory for GERD