Category 1
Which voice disorder is characterized by:
-Callous-like lesions
-Typically bilateral
-Can be treated with voice therapy/surgery
Nodules
Describe laryngitis.
- Inflammation of the VF
- Typically associated with URI, reflux, and smoke irritation
- Treated with vocal hygiene and medications
What is muscle tension dysphonia (MTD)?
-Persistent dysphonia that results from excessive laryngeal and musculoskeletal tension
- Symptoms include: effortful voice, vocal fatigue, abnormal pitch, breathiness, roughness, strain, tightness around the throat
-Characterized as PRIMARY or SECONDARY
-Primary: absence of reason for MTD (organic or neurologic)
-Secondary: there is a reason for MTD (organic or neurologic).
Residual Volume
Air that is left over in the lungs since we can't exhale all the air
Typically 1-2 Liters
What is intensity/volume
Created by the degree of and time of closure of the vocal folds. By maintaining closure, there is more time to build up pressure
Increased intensity results when the subglottal air pressure is sufficient to overcome the resistance of the vocal folds.
Which voice disorder is characterized by:
- Unilateral
-Translucent in color caused by chronic phono trauma or singular event
-treated with voice therapy or surgery
-has a voice characteristic of rough and diplophonic
Polyps
Vocal Fold Granuloma
- Usually associated with muscle tension dysphonia
- main complaint is effortful voicing and pain
- typically the posterior part of the vocal process
-typical treatment is voice therapy and medication
What are the 5 components of normal voice?
*Loud Horses Please Exit Now*
1.) The voice must be loud enough to be heard
2.) The voice must be produced in a manner that is hygienic
3.) The voice should have a pleasant quality (not distracting)
4.) The voice should be flexible enough to express emotions
5.) The voice should represent the speaker well in terms of age and gender
Tidal Volume
The amount if air that is exchanged during a respiratory cycle
(At rest can be as low as 1/2L, during exertion it can approach 100% of vital capacity)
What is frequency/pitch
Vibrating rate of the vocal folds
Length, mass, and tension determine pitch and range
As length increases, mass decreases, and frequency increases
As length decreases, tension decreases, mass increases and frequency decreases
Name the 4 kinds of polyps
1. Sessile
2. Pedunculated
3. Hemmoragic
4. Reinke's Edema
Describe Vocal Fold Atrophy
- Thinning or bowing of the VF
- age-related change of voice
- breathy voice quality
-glottal insufficiency
Breath
Sound
Resonance
Describe the difference between breathing for life and breathing for speech
Breathing for life
Inhale and exhale are nearly equal in length, with exhalation slightly longer
Breathing for speech
Exhalation is extended and longer than inhalation
Name the three kinds of voice quality we listen for
Breathy- Incomplete glottic closure
Rough- Aperiodic vocal fold vibration
Strain- Medial compression of the true and or false vocal folds, a/p compression of the supraglottic structures
Describe vocal fold hemorrhage
- Caused by singular phonotrauma
- Bleeding on the vocal fold
-Sudden loss of voice
- Vocal rest is the first line of action
What is a cyst?
- they do not resolve with voice therapy but therapy can reduce the symptoms
Total Lung Capacity
Max amount of air that can fit into the lungs
Males: 4-7 Liters
Females: 3-5 Liters
Describe the Bernoulli effect
The aerodynamic event important for closing the vocal folds.
Has inverse relationship between pressure and velocity in a fluid/gas driven system
A. What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve control?
B. What does damage to this nerve result in (voice quality)?
C. Which kind of surgery can this nerve be damaged in?
A. Motor control of all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.
B. Aphonia or weak voice
C. Cardiac surgery
Describe Reinke's Edema
- typically bilateral
- associated strongly with smoking, MTD
-Chronic diffuse swelling of the superficial lamina propria
What are the two types of cysts?
1. Epidermoid cyst
2. Mucus retention cyst
Vital Capacity
The max amount of air that can actually be exhaled
Total Lung Capacity - Residual Volume
Describe the 3 registers
Modal
Conversational speech
Singers divide modal voice between heavier chest voice and lighter head voice
Glottal fry
AKA pulse
Low range
Double/triple closure pattern
Crackling sound
Falsetto
Primarily in men
Vibration modify of the posterior portion of the vocal folds
Brief vocal fold contact-----> breathy quality
What does the superior laryngeal nerve do?
Innervates the cricothyroid muscle
Damage to the laryngeal nerve often causes difficulties with range (ceiling effect)