Cycle-to-cycle variation in the vocal signal IN GENERAL is defined as this.
What is perturbation?
100
In this type of disorder, there is nothing organically wrong with the patient, but he/she can only speak in a whisper.
What is function aphonia?
100
This is a narrowing of the subglottic space.
What is subglottal stenosis?
100
This voice disorder is caused by disease or trauma to only one of the nerves supplying the larynx.
What is unilateral vocal fold paralysis?
100
This measure correlates well with the perception of dysphonia and measures the relative strength of the harmonic components to noise components in the voice.
What is HNR/NHR/SNR?
200
This is short-term or cycle-to-cycle variability in frequency or length of the period.
What is jitter?
200
This kind of disorder can arise when a patient undergoes puberty without the typical lowering of habitual pitch.
What is falsetto or puberphonia?
200
An opening between the esophagus and trachea.
What is a tracheoesophageal fistula?
200
Damage to the upper motor neurons alone typically results in this kind of symptom.
What is spasticity?
200
This is a non-invasive method for obtaining an estimate of vocal fold contact patterns during phonation.
What is electroglottography (EGG)?
300
This is defined as short-term variability in amplitude.
What is shimmer?
300
This kind of dysphonia is results from excessive laryngeal musculoskeletal tension and associated hyperfunctional true and/or false vocal fold vibratory patterns.
What is muscle tension dysphonia?
300
This type of lesion is fluid-filled and usually caused by a blocked duct or gland in the vocal folds.
What is a cyst?
300
Damage to the lower motor neurons alone typically results in this kind of symptom.
What is flaccidity?
300
If more sophisticated airflow measurement equipment is unavailable, this measure can give an indirect index of laryngeal airflow in an voice evaluation.
What is the s/z ratio or maximum phonation time?
400
There is a lack of this between instrumental measures like jitter and shimmer and voice disorders.
What is a direct correlation?
400
This is the general term for damage caused by improper voice use and/or abuse.
What is phonotrauma?
400
This type of vocal fold mass is analogous to a callous and is caused by voice misuse.
What is a nodule?
400
This type of dysphonia has no known cause, limited treatment options, and two types: adductor and abductor.
What is spasmodic dysphonia?
400
Variability in frequency can be measured in standard deviation or this related measure.
What is pitch sigma?
500
Elevated shimmer values may be associated with this type of voice quality.
What is breathy voice?
500
This kind of voice is produced with two distinct frequencies occurring simultaneously and can be caused by mass lesions, vocal fold paralysis or scarring.
What is diplophonia?
500
This condition can cause irritation of the larynx and vocal folds if it is severe enough that gastric juices spill into the pharynx.
What is laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)?
500
Multiple lesions within the nervous system, possibly involving both the central and peripheral nervous systems, can result in this type of dysarthria.
What is mixed dysarthria?
500
This measure of frequency range converts differences in frequency to perceptually significant differences.