100
What does the explosivity of a volcano refer to?
How violently a volcano erupts.
100
What are horizontal layers of magma that solidify between rock layers called?
100
What are large bodies of intrusive igneous rock called?
100
What does the geothermal gradient measure?
The rate at which temperature increases with depth.
100
What are areas where hot water and steam escape from the Earth called?
200
What type of eruptions result in gentle lava flows?
200
What are vertical structures that cut across existing rock layers?
200
What are the large, deep-seated plutons known as?
200
On average, how much does the temperature increase per kilometer of depth?
200
What is a natural pool of hot water known as?
300
Higher content of what substance can lead to more explosive eruptions?
300
Sills and dikes are formed from what type of volcanism?
300
How do plutons typically form?
When magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface.
300
What can variations in the geothermal gradient indicate?
The presence of geothermal resources or volcanic activity.
300
What are eruptions of steam and hot water at regular intervals called?
400
What is the term for the thickness or resistance to flow of a liquid?
400
What is the process called when magma intrudes into existing rock?
400
What geological process can expose plutons at the surface?
400
Why is the geothermal gradient important for understanding volcanic processes?
It helps predict volcanic activity and geothermal energy potential.
400
In what type of regions are hydrothermal features commonly found?
500
What type of eruptions eject ash, gas, and volcanic rock violently?
500
What type of igneous rock forms from the solidification of magma beneath the surface?
500
What is the significance of studying plutons in geology?
To understand underground processes and locate mineral deposits.
500
What is geothermal energy and how is it related to the geothermal gradient?
Energy derived from the Earth's heat, related to temperature increases with depth.
500
How can hydrothermal features be used for energy production?
They can be harnessed for geothermal energy.