Magma
What is Magma?
A) Melted rock underground
B) Melted rock on Earth's surface
C) Solid Rock
D) Gas
A) melted rock underground
Which volcano has a gentle slope?
A) Shield Volcano B) Stratovolcano C) Cinder Cone Volcano
Where does magma come from?
A) Earth's surface
B) core
C) ocean
D) mantle
D) mantle
Which is a warning sign of eruption?
A. Cooling Magma
B. Less gas
C. More earthquakes
D. No movement
C) More earthquakes
What rock forms when lava cools?
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
D. Fossil
A) Igneous
True or False: The sun can turn rock into magma.
*Extra 100 points* What can turn rock into magma?
False; Earth's interior is the only one that can turn rock into magma.
Which volcano type is the most explosive?
Stratovolcano
What plate boundaries do volcanos form? (There's 3 types...
Convergent and Divergent
Why do scientists measure gas from volcanoes?
Gas increases when magma rises, so measuring gas helps scientists predict eruptions.
What process breaks rock into sediment?
Weathering and Erosion
What type of rock does magma form?
Igneous Rock
Why are stratovolcanos eruptions more explosive than shield volcanos?
Stratovolcanos are more explosive because they have a more viscous lava.
What happens at a convergent plate boundary?
A) Plates move apart
B) Plates slide past each other
C) One plate goes under another
D) Plates stop moving
C) One plate goes under another
If earthquakes, gas, and temperature increase, the volcano is:
A. Inactive
B. About to erupt
C. Cooling
D. Dead
B) About to erupt
What turns sediment into rock?
A. Melting
B. Compaction & cementation
C. Cooling
D. Freezing
B) Compaction and Cementation
Why does magma rise toward the surface?
Magma rises toward the surface due to being less dense than the surrounding rock and pressure pushes it upward.
What's the difference between convergent and divergent plate boundary?
Convergent is when one plate slides under another, and divergent is when one plate seperates from the other plate.
What does ground swelling tell scientists?
Ground swelling means magma is building up underground and pushing the surface upward.
How can igneous rock become sedimentary rock?
Igneous rock breaks down through weathering & erosion → sediment → compaction → sedimentary rock.
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is hot melted rock beneath Earth's surface, while lava is melted rock erupted on Earth's surface.
Compare a shield volcano vs. stratovolcano (shape, lava type, and eruption style)
Explain how plate movement leads to magma formation and volcanoes.
Plate movement causes subduction or spreading, which melts rock in the mantle → magma forms → magma rises → erupts → forms volcano.
A volcano shows increasing earthquakes, rising temperature, and more gas over time. Should the warning level increase or decrease? Explain why.
Warning level should increase because earthquakes, gas, and temperature rising show magma is moving upward and eruption risk is increasing.
Describe how magma moves through the rock cycle to form new rock.
Magma cools → forms igneous rock → rock weathers → forms sediment → sediment becomes sedimentary rock → heat & pressure make metamorphic rock → melting turns it back into magma.